Emerging Career Development Theories: A Test for School Counselors
2001; SAGE Publishing; Volume: 5; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2156-759X
Autores Tópico(s)Mentoring and Academic Development
ResumoSchool counselors are frequently called upon to help students with their career-related questions and concerns. When counselors begin to formulate plans for working with students, they most likely base their actions on their particular theory of career choice and development. Believing that theory directs practice, Sharf (1997) reminded counselors that, just as counseling theories provide a means for conceptualizing student problems, career development theories offer guidelines for assisting students to achieve their career goals. In addition, McDaniels and Gysbers (1992) noted that a knowledge of career development theory allows counselors to identify, understand, and respond to students' career questions in a systematic and timely fashion. Osipow and Fitzgerald (1996) insisted that counselors who work without a clearly conceptualized theoretical orientation would find it difficult to know what to do to be most helpful to students with career issues. Finally, Capuzzi and Gross (1997) confirmed that career counseling is closely related to personal counseling and requires the same basic competencies, including a thorough knowledge of career development theory. While many school counselors may recall the theories of Donald Super (1953), John Holland (1959), and Anne Roe (1956) from their graduate school days, what about their knowledge of recent contributions to the career development theory literature? The decade of the '90s witnessed a renewed interest in career development theory with the emergence of several promising new approaches to career choice and development (Isaacson & Brown, 2000; Zunker, 1998). How current are you? The following exercise is designed to assist you in assessing your knowledge of emerging theories of career choice and development. You will not need a pen or pencil to complete the exercise. Begin with question 1 and see how well you do. Be sure to follow the to ... instructions following each question; do not simply read the next paragraph. Hint: Once you complete the exercise, go back through it and deliberately give incorrect responses. Hopefully, this will allow you to learn even more. Emerging Career Theories Questions (and Answers) 1. Based on the sociocognitive theory of Bandura (1986) and Krumboltz's (1979) social learning theory, an approach was introduced by Lent, Brown, and Hackett (1994) and builds upon the assumption that cognitive factors play an important role in career decision making. Can you think of the name of this approach? SCCT Go to 12 RIASEC Go to 6 2. Sorry, your information is faulty! This team, comprised of an economist, a psychiatrist, a sociologist, and a psychologist, is generally considered to be the first to approach a theory of occupational choice from a developmental standpoint (Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, & Herma, 1951). But, alas, that was 50 years ago! Let's learn more about CIP; move on to 8. 3. Sorry, you missed the plane (as in Trans World Airlines). Actually, TWA stands for the Theory of Work Adjustment (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984). This approach, which is now referred to as Person-Environment-Correspondence Counseling (Lofquist & Dawis, 1991), reflects the trait-and-factor tradition of the University of Minnesota. While this approach has gained wide-spread acceptance, it is not considered one of the newer emerging theories. Go back and try 8 again. 4. Oops! Your execution leaves something to be desired. This is step 5. Go back to 10 and see if you can identify the second step in the CASVE cycle. 5. The Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) model or theory focuses on how individuals make career decisions and how they use information in career problem solving and decision making. This theory was introduced in a 1991 book entitled Career Development and Services: A Cognitive Approach. Who wrote this book? Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma Go to 2 Peterson, Sampson, and Reardon Go to 9 6. …
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