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First Report of Phytophthora Blight of Cucurbit Caused by Phytophthora capsici in Albania

2017; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 102; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-03-17-0353-pdn

1943-7692

Magdalena Cara, T. Yaseen, Jordan Merkuri,

Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 1First Report of Phytophthora Blight of Cucurbit Caused by Phytophthora capsici in Albania PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Phytophthora Blight of Cucurbit Caused by Phytophthora capsici in AlbaniaM. Cara, T. Yaseen, and J. MerkuriM. Cara, T. Yaseen†Corresponding author: T. Yaseen; E-mail: E-mail Address: y.thaer@iamb.it, and J. MerkuriAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. Cara , Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Kodër-Kamëz, Tirana, Albania T. Yaseen † , CIHEAM/Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy J. Merkuri , Didactic and Scientific Research Center “Skenderbeu”, Durres, Albania. Published Online:26 Oct 2017https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-17-0353-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In the past 2 years, greenhouse vegetable production in Albania has increased up to 200% (ATA 2014). In 2016, surveys were conducted in Lushnja Province (central-west Albania), and ∼217 samples from cucumber greenhouses were collected to determine the causal agent of cucumber wilting. More than 25% (52 of 217) of greenhouses contained plants with clear crown rot, sudden permanent wilt without a change in foliar color, and damping-off. Some plants had a limited amount of feeder roots. Plants often collapsed within a week of symptom appearance. Fibrous root samples were collected from 35 symptomatic cucumber plants (cv. Palmiera). Roots were mixed with water and sterile soil; healthy cucumber fruits were used as bait (Dhingra and Sinclair 1985). Isolations were made on PDA from lesions that formed after 3 to 4 days on baited cucumbers. Colonies with growth patterns characteristic of Phytophthora spp. were obtained from 33 of 35 samples. Pure cultures were obtained by single-hyphal transfers, and 30 isolates were identified morphologically as P. capsici Leon. (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996). Sporangial production was induced by transferring a 6-mm-diameter mycelial disk of a 7-day-old culture to three 60-mm-diameter petri dishes containing unclarified V8 juice agar (UCV8). Plates were incubated in a single layer under constant fluorescent light at room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 7 days. Sporangial lengths and widths varied from 32.8 to 65.8 and 17.4 to 38.7 μm, respectively; length/breadth (LB) ratio ranged from <1.3 to 2.2. Sporangia had long pedicels (stalks) ranging from 35 to 138 μm. Chlamydospore production was investigated by inoculating isolates into clarified V8 broth (C-V8) by incubation at 18 ± 2°C for 3 weeks in darkness. Only eight of the isolates produced chlamydospores with a diameter of 22 to 39 μm. Oospore production was evaluated by growing isolates on clarified V8 juice agar for 3 weeks at 24°C in darkness. Twenty-six of the isolates produced a few oospores in culture with an average diameter of 21.7 to 36.9 µm. Oospore production in solo culture by heterothallic P. capsici isolates has been reported occasionally (Islam et al. 2005). Representative isolates were used for molecular identification using a species-specific PCR (Silvar et al. 2005). Identification of one isolate was further confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using the universal primers ITS4 and ITS6. BLAST analysis of the sequence (accession KY751715) in GenBank revealed 99% similarity to P. capsici AJ854285. Pathogenicity tests with P. capsici were conducted by planting three groups of five plants (cv. Palmiera) into 1.4-liter pots containing growing medium artificially inoculated at a rate of 1% (v/v) with P. capsici. P. capsici inoculum was produced using a mixture of five P. capsici isolates from the isolation studies, as previously described (Yaseen et al. 2004). Ten uninoculated plants served as controls. Seventeen days after inoculation, plants were analyzed for foliar and root symptoms. P. capsici-inoculated plants showed stem necrosis and wilting. More than 80% of the inoculated plants showed foliar symptoms and extensive decay of feeder roots. Phytophthora colonies were recovered from infected plants and identified as P. capsici, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of P. capsici as a pathogen of cucumber plants in Albanian greenhouses. P. capsici should be considered as a potential threat to the Albanian greenhouse industry since it may negatively influence production, and the viability of cucumber production in the region.References:ATA. 2014. The number of greenhouses has increased and become a trend in Albania. http://invest-in-albania.org/number-greenhouses-increased-become-trend-albania/ Google ScholarDhingra, O. D., and Sinclair, J. B. 1985. Basic plant pathology methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. Google ScholarErwin, D. C., and Ribeiro, O. K. 1996. Phytophthora diseases worldwide. APS Press, St. Paul, Minn. Google ScholarIslam, S. Z., et al. 2005. Plant Dis. 89:191. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-89-0191 Link, ISI, Google ScholarSilvar, C., et al. 2005. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 112:43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-004-8232-0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarYaseen, T., et al. 2004. Molecular diagnosis and biological control of Phytophthora-citrus root rot. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bari, Italy. Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 102, No. 1 January 2018SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 20 Dec 2017Published: 26 Oct 2017First Look: 29 Aug 2017Accepted: 26 Aug 2017 Pages: 253-253 Information© 2018 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byPhytophthora capsici Populations Are Structured by Host, Geography, and Fluopicolide SensitivityCamilo H. Parada-Rojas and Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo15 June 2022 | Phytopathology®, Vol. 112, No. 7Phytophthora capsici (stem and fruit rot of Capsicum)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumModelling the key drivers of an aerial Phytophthora foliar disease epidemic, from the needles to the whole plant28 May 2019 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, No. 5