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Living systematic reviews: 2. Combining human and machine effort

2017; Elsevier BV; Volume: 91; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.08.011

1878-5921

James Thomas, Anna H Noel-Storr, Iain Marshall, Byron Wallace, Steve McDonald, Chris Mavergames, Paul Glasziou, Ian Shemilt, Anneliese Synnot, Tari Turner, Julian Elliott, Thomas Agoritsas, John Hilton, Caroline Perron, Elie A. Akl, Rebecca K Hodder, Charlotte Pestridge, Lauren Albrecht, Tanya Horsley, Joanne Platt, Rebecca Armstrong, Phi Hùng Nguyễn, Robert M. Plovnick, Anneliese Arno, Noah Ivers, Gail Quinn, Agnes Au, Renea V Johnston, Gabriel Rada, Matthew K. Bagg, Arwel W. Jones, Philippe Ravaud, Catherine Boden, Lara A Kahale, Bernt Richter, Isabelle Boisvert, Homa Keshavarz, Rebecca Ryan, Linn Brandt, Stephanie A. Kolakowsky‐Hayner, Dina H. Salama, Alexandra Bražinová, Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj, Georgia Salanti, Rachelle Buchbinder, Toby J Lasserson, Lina Santaguida, Chris Champion, Rebecca Lawrence, Nancy Santesso, Jackie Chandler, Zbigniew Leś, Holger J. Schünemann, Andreas Charidimou, Stefan Leucht, Ian Shemilt, Roger Chou, Nicola Low, Diana Sherifali, Rachel Churchill, Andrew I.R. Maas, Reed Siemieniuk, Maryse C. Cnossen, Harriet MacLehose, Mark Simmonds, Marie-Joëlle Cossi, Malcolm Macleod, Nicole Skoetz, Michel Jacques Counotte, Iain Marshall, Karla Soares‐Weiser, Samantha Craigie, Iain Marshall, Velandai Srikanth, Philipp Dahm, Nicole Martin, Katrina Sullivan, Alanna Danilkewich, Laura Martínez García, Anneliese Synnot, Kristen Danko, Chris Mavergames, Mark J. Taylor, Emma Donoghue, Lara Maxwell, Kris Thayer, Corinna Dressler, James H. McAuley, James Thomas, Cathy Egan, Steve McDonald, Roger Tritton, Julian Elliott, Joanne E. McKenzie, Guy Tsafnat, Sarah A. Elliott, Joerg J Meerpohl, Peter Tugwell, Itziar Etxeandia‐Ikobaltzeta, Bronwen Merner, Alexis F. Turgeon, Robin Featherstone, Stefania Mondello, Tari Turner, Ruth Foxlee, Richard Morley, Gert van Valkenhoef, Paul Garner, Marcus R. Munafò, Per Olav Vandvik, Martha Gerrity, Zachary Munn, Byron Wallace, Paul Glasziou, Melissa Murano, S Wallace, Sally Green, Kristine Newman, Chris Watts, Jeremy Grimshaw, Robby Nieuwlaat, Laura Weeks, Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy, Adriani Nikolakopoulou, Aaron Weigl, Neal Haddaway, Anna H Noel-Storr, George Wells, Lisa Hartling, Annette M. O’Connor, Wojtek Wiercioch, Jill A. Hayden, Matthew J. Page, Luke Wolfenden, Mark Helfand, Manisha Pahwa, Juan José Yepes‐Nuñez, Julian P. T. Higgins, Jordi Pardo Pardo, Jennifer Yost, Sophie Hill, Leslea Pearson,

Scientific Computing and Data Management

New approaches to evidence synthesis, which use human effort and machine automation in mutually reinforcing ways, can enhance the feasibility and sustainability of living systematic reviews. Human effort is a scarce and valuable resource, required when automation is impossible or undesirable, and includes contributions from online communities ("crowds") as well as more conventional contributions from review authors and information specialists. Automation can assist with some systematic review tasks, including searching, eligibility assessment, identification and retrieval of full-text reports, extraction of data, and risk of bias assessment. Workflows can be developed in which human effort and machine automation can each enable the other to operate in more effective and efficient ways, offering substantial enhancement to the productivity of systematic reviews. This paper describes and discusses the potential-and limitations-of new ways of undertaking specific tasks in living systematic reviews, identifying areas where these human/machine "technologies" are already in use, and where further research and development is needed. While the context is living systematic reviews, many of these enabling technologies apply equally to standard approaches to systematic reviewing.