Scientific societies and the third industrial revolution – The future role of the OTC
2017; Elsevier BV; Volume: 48; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/s0020-1383(17)30788-x
ISSN1879-0267
Autores Tópico(s)Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems
ResumoKnowledge has been defined as the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject [ [1] Cavell S. Knowing and acknowledging. Must we mean what we say?. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge2002: 238-266 Google Scholar ]. It is essential to animal life, ranging from simple subsistence – a sort of congenital knowledge that we term instinct – to the highest levels of intellectual progression. Since survival usually requires some form of collaboration based on individual expertise, i.e., a form of privileged knowledge in a particular field [ [2] Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Oxford2016http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/knowledge Google Scholar ], knowledge exchange between individuals has existed since the first forms of intelligence emerged on the earth. The observation of beavers making dams in rivers or of lions collaborating during the hunt, and of how baby beavers and baby lions learn this collective technique from their parents, illustrates, albeit in a rudimentary way, the transition from instinct [ [3] Samorini G. Animals and psychedelics: the natural world and the instinct to alter consciousness. Inner Tradiction, Rochester2002 Google Scholar ] (in mammals, the ability to suckle is an example of congenital knowledge needed for subsistence) to knowledge-based organization and expertise being passed on to the next generation.
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