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Metals and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes

2018; Bentham Science Publishers; Volume: 25; Issue: 19 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2174/0929867325666171129124616

1875-533X

Geir Bjørklund, Věra Stejskal, Mauricio A. Urbina, Maryam Dadar, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Joachim Mutter,

Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity

Genetic background accounts for only 5 to 10% of the reported cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the remaining cases are of unknown etiology. It is believed that environmental factors may be involved in the causality of a large proportion of PD cases. Several PD genes are activated by xenobiotic exposure, and a link between pesticide exposure and PD has been demonstrated. Many epidemiological studies have shown an association between PD and exposure to metals such as mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, and zinc. This review explores the biological effects, the pathogenetic processes, genetic susceptibilities to metals as well as examining future strategies for PD treatment, such as chelation therapy.