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Autophagy: novel applications of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for primary cancer

2017; Wiley; Volume: 7; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/cam4.1287

2045-7634

Yu Chen, Weibing Li, Junbao Liu, Jianwei Lu, Jifeng Feng,

Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism

Abstract In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is a process associated with programmed cell death. During this process, cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are engulfed by double‐membrane autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. These autolysosomes then degrade their contents to recycle the cellular components. Autophagy has been implicated in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes that are closely related to tumorigenesis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, such as celecoxib, meloxicam, sulindac, aspirin, sildenafil, rofecoxib, and sodium salicylate, have diverse effects in cancer that are mediated by the autophagy pathway. These nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs can modulate tumor autophagy through the PI 3K/Akt/ mTOR , MAPK / ERK 1/2, P53/ DRAM , AMPK / mTOR , Bip/ GRP 78, CHOP / GADD 153, and HGF / MET signaling pathways and inhibit lysosome function, leading to p53‐dependent G1 cell‐cycle arrest. In this review, we summarize the research progress in autophagy induced by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in cancer cells to provide a reference for the potential benefits of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in cancer chemotherapy.