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Experimental Verification of a Jarzynski-Related Information-Theoretic Equality by a Single Trapped Ion

2018; American Physical Society; Volume: 120; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1103/physrevlett.120.010601

1092-0145

Taiping Xiong, L.-L. Yan, Fei Zhou, K. Rehan, Danfu Liang, Liang Chen, Wanli Yang, Zhihao Ma, Mang Feng, Vlatko Vedral,

Quantum Information and Cryptography

Most nonequilibrium processes in thermodynamics are quantified only by inequalities; however, the Jarzynski relation presents a remarkably simple and general equality relating nonequilibrium quantities with the equilibrium free energy, and this equality holds in both the classical and quantum regimes. We report a single-spin test and confirmation of the Jarzynski relation in the quantum regime using a single ultracold ^{40}Ca^{+} ion trapped in a harmonic potential, based on a general information-theoretic equality for a temporal evolution of the system sandwiched between two projective measurements. By considering both initially pure and mixed states, respectively, we verify, in an exact and fundamental fashion, the nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics relevant to the mutual information and Jarzynski equality.