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Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community

2018; National Academy of Sciences; Volume: 115; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1073/pnas.1716561115

1091-6490

Jing Yan, Michael L. Grantham, Jovan Pantelic, P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, Barbara Albert, Fengjie Liu, Sheryl H. Ehrman, Donald K. Milton, Walt E. Adamson, Blanca Beato-Arribas, Werner Bischoff, William Booth, Simon Cauchemez, Sheryl H. Ehrman, Joanne Enstone, Neil M. Ferguson, John Forni, Anthony Gilbert, Michael L. Grantham, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Andrew Hayward, Michael P. Hewitt, Ashley Kang, Ben Killingley, Rob Lambkin‐Williams, Alex Mann, Donald K. Milton, Jonathan S. Nguyen‐Van‐Tam, Catherine J. Noakes, John Oxford, Massimo Palmarini, Jovan Pantelic, Jennifer Wang, Allan Bennett, Benjamin J. Cowling, Arnold S. Monto, Raymond Tellier,

Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

Significance Lack of human data on influenza virus aerosol shedding fuels debate over the importance of airborne transmission. We provide overwhelming evidence that humans generate infectious aerosols and quantitative data to improve mathematical models of transmission and public health interventions. We show that sneezing is rare and not important for—and that coughing is not required for—influenza virus aerosolization. Our findings, that upper and lower airway infection are independent and that fine-particle exhaled aerosols reflect infection in the lung, opened a pathway for a deeper understanding of the human biology of influenza infection and transmission. Our observation of an association between repeated vaccination and increased viral aerosol generation demonstrated the power of our method, but needs confirmation.