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Immunophenotyping of Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Glioblastoma Defines Distinct Immune Exhaustion Profiles in Peripheral and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

2018; American Association for Cancer Research; Volume: 24; Issue: 17 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2617

1557-3265

Malte Mohme, Simon Schliffke, Cécile L. Maire, Alessandra Rünger, Laura Glau, Klaus C. Mende, Jakob Matschke, Christina Gehbauer, Nuray Akyüz, Svenja Zapf, Mareike Holz, Miriam Schaper, Tobias Martens, Nils Ole Schmidt, Sven Peine, Manfred Westphal, Mascha Binder, Eva Tolosa, Katrin Lamszus,

Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Purpose: Immunotherapeutic treatment strategies for glioblastoma (GBM) are under investigation in clinical trials. However, our understanding of the immune phenotype of GBM-infiltrating T cells (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; TILs) and changes during disease progression is limited. Deeper insight is urgently needed to therapeutically overcome tumor-induced immune exhaustion.Experimental Design: We used flow cytometry and cytokine assays to profile TILs and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from patients with GBM, comparing newly diagnosed or recurrent GBM to long-term survivors (LTS) and healthy donors. TCR sequencing was performed on paired samples of newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM.Results: We identified a clear immune signature of exhaustion and clonal restriction in the TILs of patients with GBM. Exhaustion of CD8+ TILs was defined by an increased prevalence of PD-1+, CD39+, Tim-3+, CD45RO+, HLA-DR+ marker expression, and exhibition of an effector-/transitional memory differentiation phenotype, whereas KLRG1 and CD57 were underrepresented. Immune signatures were similar in primary and recurrent tumors; however, restricted TCR repertoire clonality and a more activated memory phenotype were observed in TILs from recurrent tumors. Moreover, a reduced cytokine response to PHA stimulation in the blood compartment indicates a dysfunctional peripheral T-cell response in patients with GBM. LTS displayed a distinct profile, with abundant naïve and less exhausted CD8+ T cells.Conclusions: TILs and PBLs exhibit contrasting immune profiles, with a distinct exhaustion signature present in TILs. While the exhaustion profiles of primary and recurrent GBM are comparable, TCR sequencing demonstrated a contracted repertoire in recurrent GBM, concomitant with an increased frequency of activated memory T cells in recurrent tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4187-200. ©2018 AACRSee related commentary by Jackson and Lim, p. 4059.