First Report of Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd) Naturally Infecting Avocado ( Persea americana ) in Greece
2018; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 102; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-12-17-1980-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresLeonidas Lotos, Νektarios Kavroulakis, Beatriz Navarro, Francesco Di Serio, Antonio Olmos, Ana Belén Ruiz-García, N. I. Katis, Varvara I. Maliogka,
Tópico(s)Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 7First Report of Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd) Naturally Infecting Avocado (Persea americana) in Greece PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd) Naturally Infecting Avocado (Persea americana) in GreeceL. Lotos, N. Kavroulakis, B. Navarro, F. Di Serio, A. Olmos, A. B. Ruiz-Garcia, N. I. Katis, and V. I. MaliogkaL. Lotos, N. Kavroulakis, B. Navarro, F. Di Serio, A. Olmos, A. B. Ruiz-Garcia, N. I. Katis, and V. I. Maliogka†Corresponding author: V. I. Maliogka; E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. Lotos , Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece N. Kavroulakis , Laboratory of Plant Patholog, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter" (NAGREF), GR-731 00 Chania, Greece B. Navarro F. Di Serio , Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy A. Olmos A. B. Ruiz-Garcia , IVIA, Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain N. I. Katis V. I. Maliogka † , Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Published Online:21 May 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-17-1980-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Avocado (Persea americana) is an important fruit crop for the island of Crete, on which almost the entire yield of avocado fruit in Greece is produced. The total cultivation area is estimated at more than 400 ha (www.fao.org/faostat/). During the 2016 growing season, fruits exhibiting depressed, greenish, yellow-white craters, which are typical symptoms of avocado sunblotch disease, were spotted on a single tree in an orchard located in the province of Chania, Crete. No symptoms were observed on the leaves or shoots of the tree nor on any other tree in the orchard. The causal agent of sunblotch disease is avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd, family Avsunviroidae). In order to determine if the viroid was present, total RNA preparations from leaves, fruit skin, and pulp from the symptomatic tree were extracted (Maliogka et al. 2015) and tested by a two-step RT-PCR (Schnell et al. 1997), which amplifies the cDNA of the complete ASBVd genome. Leaves from nine nonsymptomatic trees from the same field were also analyzed. The RT-PCR performed on all the tissues of the symptomatic sample yielded the expected unit-length amplicon, as well as the dimeric and polymeric forms of the viroid, whereas all the nonsymptomatic samples were found negative. The unit-length amplicon was directly sequenced, whereas the dimeric amplicon was excised from the gel, purified, and cloned into a pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) and subsequently sequenced (VBC-Biotech). The whole genome sequence of ASBVd (249 nucleotides) was determined from the monomeric RT-PCR product and from two dimeric clones and was deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA). Two different variants were identified from the symptomatic fruit, AvoCr0-A and B (accession nos. LT966069 and LT966070, respectively). BLASTn results showed that the Greek variants of ASBVd (AvoCr0-A and B) are 95 to 99% identical to the already characterized isolates of ASBVd. The presence of the viroid in the symptomatic tree was also confirmed by northern blot analysis (Torchetti et al. 2012). For this aim, total RNAs were separated by 5% PAGE electrophoresis in denaturing conditions, electro-transferred to a nylon membrane, and hybridized with a DIG-labeled full-length RNA probe specific for the plus strand of ASBVd (provided by Dr. Ricardo Flores, UPV-CSIC, Spain). Circular and linear forms of ASBVd RNAs comigrating with those of the positive control (also provided by Dr. R. Flores) were observed. The presence of additional infected trees in the same field is not excluded, but further investigation is needed to obtain conclusive data in this respect. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ASBVd in Greece. Given the importance of the sunblotch disease, future studies should be performed to determine the prevalence and the significance of this viroid in Greek orchards.References:Maliogka, V. I., et al. 2015. Virus Res. 203:47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.003 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSchnell, R. J., et al. 1997. Plant Dis. 81:1023. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.1023 Link, ISI, Google ScholarTorchetti, E. M., et al. 2012. J. Plant Pathol. 94:451. https://doi.org/10.4454/JPP.FA.2012.032 ISI, Google ScholarFunding: VirFree; Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 734736.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 102, No. 7 July 2018SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 27 Jun 2018Published: 21 May 2018First Look: 7 Feb 2018Accepted: 31 Jan 2018 Page: 1470 InformationThis article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2018.FundingThis project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 734736.Cited byMexico: A Landscape of Viroid Origin and Epidemiological Relevance of Endemic Species3 November 2022 | Cells, Vol. 11, No. 21Avocado sunblotch viroid (avocado sun blotch)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumThe Avocado Sunblotch Viroid: An Invisible Foe of Avocado29 May 2019 | Viruses, Vol. 11, No. 6A review of the status of Avocado sunblotch viroid in Australia28 August 2018 | Australasian Plant Pathology, Vol. 47, No. 6
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