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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection Brings Fire and Fury to Macrophages

2018; Oxford University Press; Volume: 217; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/infdis/jix626

1537-6613

Nargis Khan, Maziar Divangahi,

Immune responses and vaccinations

Clinical studies have provided compelling evidence that people coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a 20-30-fold higher risk of developing active tuberculosis as compared to individuals with M. tuberculosis monoinfection [1].Considering the critical role of T cells in preventing tuberculosis dissemination and the reduction of CD4 + T cells in HIV-positive patients, it was anticipated that the number of circulating CD4 + T cells should be directly linked to prevention or reactivation of latent M. tuberculosis infection.However, the risk of developing active tuberculosis is significantly increased during the early phase of HIV infection [2] or after antiretroviral therapy [3], conditions in which CD4 + T-cell counts may be within the normal range.These data indicate that the decline in the number of CD4 + T cells in HIV-infected individuals may not be solely responsible for the progression from latent M. tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis [2][3][4].