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Byrsonima basiloba as a bioindicator of simulated air pollutants: Morphoanatomical and physiological changes in response to potassium fluoride

2018; Elsevier BV; Volume: 89; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.019

1872-7034

Douglas Almeida Rodrigues, Sebastião Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho, Arthur Almeida Rodrigues, Caroline Müller, Fernanda dos Santos Farnese, Alan Carlos Costa, Eduardo Matheus Guimarães Teles, Cássia Lino Rodrigues,

Environmental and biological studies

Fluoride is released in large amounts in the atmosphere by brick, ceramic, phosphate mineral and aluminum industries. It presents the highest phytotoxicity when compared to other air pollutants, damaging different tree species. Byrsonima basiloba Juss. (Malpighiaceae) is a fruit tree widely distributed in anthropic regions, displaying high potential as a bioindicator. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate fluoride effects, by means of simulated rainfall, by evaluating morphological and physiological responses of Byrsonima basiloba leaves, in order to assess the bioindicator potential of this species to potassium fluoride (KF). Young plants, approximately 90 days old, were selected through height standardization (∼25 cm) and individually transferred to pots containing 5 L of a substrate composed of washed sand, vermiculite and bioplant® (1:1:1). The plants were submitted to KF exposure daily, by means of simulated rain, at 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L−1 KF, for 30 days. Byrsonima basiloba revealed the production of reddish pigments on the leaf surface, from the apex to the median region, as well as accumulation of phenolic compounds and reprogramming of plant metabolism. While the pollutant negatively impacted parameters related to photosynthesis and photorespiration, an increase in respiration was observed, probably with the purpose of supplying energy and carbon skeletons to the plants. These results allow for advancements in knowledge regarding plants responses to KF, in addition to demonstrating Byrsonima basiloba potential as a bioindicator regarding this atmospheric pollutant.