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Reassessing the Mycenaean Earthquake Hypothesis: Results of the HERACLES Project from Tiryns and Midea, Greece

2018; Seismological Society of America; Volume: 108; Issue: 3A Linguagem: Inglês

10.1785/0120170348

1943-3573

Klaus‐G. Hinzen, Joseph Maran, Héctor R. Hinojosa‐Prieto, Ursula Damm‐Meinhardt, Sharon K. Reamer, Jana Tzislakis, Kilian B. Kemna, Gregor Schweppe, Claus Fleischer, Katie Demakopoulou,

Archaeology and ancient environmental studies

Research Article| March 27, 2018 Reassessing the Mycenaean Earthquake Hypothesis: Results of the HERACLES Project from Tiryns and Midea, Greece Klaus‐G. Hinzen; Klaus‐G. Hinzen aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Joseph Maran; Joseph Maran bInstitute of Prehistory and Early History, Heidelberg University, Marstallhof 4, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, joseph.maran@urz.uni-heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Hector Hinojosa‐Prieto; Hector Hinojosa‐Prieto aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.deeNow at Advanced Geosciences, Inc., 2121 Geoscience Drive, Austin, Texas 78726. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ursula Damm‐Meinhardt; Ursula Damm‐Meinhardt cErnst‐Moritz‐Arndt‐Straße 27, 53225 Bonn, Germany, meinhardtu@aol.com Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sharon K. Reamer; Sharon K. Reamer aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jana Tzislakis; Jana Tzislakis aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Kilian Kemna; Kilian Kemna aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gregor Schweppe; Gregor Schweppe aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Claus Fleischer; Claus Fleischer aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Katie Demakopoulou Katie Demakopoulou dNational Archaelogical Museum, 28is Oktovriou 44, Athens 106 82, Greece, k.demakopoulou@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Klaus‐G. Hinzen aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Joseph Maran bInstitute of Prehistory and Early History, Heidelberg University, Marstallhof 4, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, joseph.maran@urz.uni-heidelberg.de Hector Hinojosa‐Prieto aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.deeNow at Advanced Geosciences, Inc., 2121 Geoscience Drive, Austin, Texas 78726. Ursula Damm‐Meinhardt cErnst‐Moritz‐Arndt‐Straße 27, 53225 Bonn, Germany, meinhardtu@aol.com Sharon K. Reamer aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Jana Tzislakis aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Kilian Kemna aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Gregor Schweppe aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Claus Fleischer aArchaeoseismology Group, Earthquake Geology and Archaeoseismology, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Vinzenz‐Pallotti‐Straße 26, D‐51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, hinzen@uni-koeln.de, s.reamer@uni-koeln.de, c.fleischer@uni-koeln.de, g.schweppe@uni-koeln.de, hector@agiusa.com, jana.tzislakis@gmx.de, kilian.kemna@rub.de Katie Demakopoulou dNational Archaelogical Museum, 28is Oktovriou 44, Athens 106 82, Greece, k.demakopoulou@gmail.com Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 27 Mar 2018 Online Issn: 1943-3573 Print Issn: 0037-1106 © Seismological Society of America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2018) 108 (3A): 1046–1070. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170348 Article history First Online: 27 Mar 2018 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Klaus‐G. Hinzen, Joseph Maran, Hector Hinojosa‐Prieto, Ursula Damm‐Meinhardt, Sharon K. Reamer, Jana Tzislakis, Kilian Kemna, Gregor Schweppe, Claus Fleischer, Katie Demakopoulou; Reassessing the Mycenaean Earthquake Hypothesis: Results of the HERACLES Project from Tiryns and Midea, Greece. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2018;; 108 (3A): 1046–1070. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170348 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search Abstract Observations at Mycenaean archaeological sites of tilted and curved walls, broken pottery, and human skeletons led to the hypothesis that these sites in the Argolid, Peloponnese, Greece, were destroyed in large earthquakes between the late palatial (thirteenth century B.C.E.) and postpalatial (1200–1050 B.C.E.) periods. In particular, the destruction of Mycenaean palaces around 1200/1190 B.C.E. has often been attributed to a devastating earthquake. To test the Mycenaean earthquake hypothesis, this project focuses on the Argive citadels of Tiryns and Midea. With active and passive seismic measurements complemented by a gravimetric survey, we explored seismic site effects at these locations and calculated synthetic seismograms for potential earthquake sources to estimate intensities of ground motions inside and outside the citadels. The field work and results were supplemented by analysis of the individual damage descriptions and observations from the archaeological literature on which the hypothesis is based. Because of poor construction techniques and the associated site effects, the buildings in the Lower Town surrounding the citadel of Tiryns were more vulnerable than the structures within the Cyclopean palace walls, but evidence of an earthquake destruction stratum in the Lower Town has not yet been found. Although some of the observations from the two investigated citadels could be explained by seismic loading, alternative nonseismic causes could equally explain most observed damage. In some cases, the structural damage was clearly not caused by earthquakes. Simulated ground motions show that severe earthquake damage at Tiryns and Midea can be expected from activation of local faults in the Argive basin; however, palaeoseismic studies for such activity in and since the Late Bronze Age (LBA) are lacking. Our results indicate that the hypothesis of a destructive earthquake in Tiryns and Midea, which may have contributed to the end of the LBA Mycenaean palatial period, is unlikely. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.