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From von Neumann Architecture and Atanasoffs ABC to Neuro-Morphic Computation and Kasabov’s NeuCube: Principles and Implementations

2018; Springer Nature; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-3-319-75181-8_1

1860-9503

Neelava Sengupta, Josafath I. Espinosa‐Ramos, Enmei Tu, Stefan Marks, Nathan Scott, Jakub Węcławski, Akshay Raj Gollahalli, Maryam Doborjeh, Zohreh Doborjeh, Kaushalya Kumarasinghe, Vivienne Breen, Anne Abbott,

Neuroscience and Neural Engineering

During the 1940s John Atanasoff with the help of one of his students Clifford E. Berry, at Iowa State College, created the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) that was the first electronic digital computer. The ABC computer was not a general-purpose one, but still, it was the first to implement three of the most important ideas used in computers nowadays: binary data representation; using electronics instead of mechanical switches and wheels; using a von Neumann architecture, where the memory and the computations are separated. A new computational paradigm, named as Neuromorphic, utilises the above two principles, but instead of the von Neumann principle, it integrates the memory and the computation in a single module a spiking neural network structure. This chapter first reviews the principles of the earlier published work by the team on neuromorphic computational architecture NeuCube. NeuCube is not a general purpose machine but is still the first neuromorphic spatio/spectro-temporal data machine for learning, pattern recognition and understanding of spatio/spectro-temporal data. The chapter further presents the software/hardware implementation of the NeuCube as a development system for efficient applications on temporal or spatio/spectro-temporal across domain areas, including: brain data (EEG, fMRI), brain computer interfaces, robot control, multi-sensory data modelling, seismic stream data modelling and earthquake prediction, financial time series forecasting, climate data modelling and personalised, on-line risk of stroke prediction, and others. A limited version of the NeuCube software implementation is available from http://www.kedri.aut.ac.nz/neucube/ .