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Caffeine-based food supplements and beverages: Trends of consumption for performance purposes and safety concerns

2018; Elsevier BV; Volume: 109; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.050

1873-7145

Sílvia M.F. Bessada, Rita C. Alves, M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira,

Eating Disorders and Behaviors

Nowadays, daily food supplementation regarding the improvement of physical and mental performance is a growing trend in sport practitioners, young students and active people. Food supplements are foodstuffs, labeled under food law and not obliged to safety assessments before their commercialization. Several products are commercialized claiming ergogenic effects as marketing strategies. Caffeine is often one of their main ingredients, as it increases both physical performance and concentration. This manuscript presents a general overview of the current caffeine-based food supplements and energy drinks available in the Portuguese market, as well as the consuming trends regarding their ergogenic effects, performance purposes, and active ingredients. Product claims, recommended daily intakes, caffeine pharmacology, and safety concerns aspects are also discussed aspects.