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Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Unequal and Fault Tolerant Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2018; IEEE Sensors Council; Volume: 18; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1109/jsen.2018.2828099

1558-1748

Tarunpreet Kaur, Dilip Kumar,

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Clustering is one of most efficient energy saving techniques for maximizing network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. In the multi-hop approach, cluster heads (CHs) close to the base station deplete their energy very quickly due to high inter-cluster relay traffic load, causing the hot spot problem. Thus, a clustering protocol is required to be energy efficient as well as fault tolerant. This paper presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based unequal and fault tolerant clustering protocol referred as PSO-UFC. The proposed protocol addresses imbalanced clustering and fault tolerance issues in the existing energy-balanced unequal clustering (EBUC) protocol for the long-run operation of the network. To solve the imbalanced clustering problem, the PSO-UFC protocol utilizes unequal clustering mechanism to balance intra-cluster and inter-cluster energy consumption between the Master CHs (MCHs). Also, in PSO-UFC protocol the network connectivity is restored by electing an extra CH called Surrogate CH due to sudden failure of MCH. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that the PSO-UFC protocol prolongs the network lifetime against EBUC, PSO-C, and LEACH-C protocols.