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The Yips: Methods to Identify Golfers with a Dystonic Etiology/Golfer’s Cramp

2018; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 50; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1249/mss.0000000000001687

1530-0315

Charles H. Adler, M’HAMED TEMKIT, Debra J. Crews, Troy McDaniel, Jennifer Tucker, Joseph G. Hentz, Christian Marquardt, Dale Abraham, John N. Caviness,

Motor Control and Adaptation

To determine whether quantitative methods could separate golfers with a possible dystonic cause of the "yips" from those that appear to be nondystonic.Twenty-seven golfers completed 10 two-handed and 10 right hand-only putts. Surface EMG assessed forearm muscle co-contraction and motion detectors monitored wrist and putter movements. Based on a videotape review, golfers were grouped into those with yips of dystonic etiology, those with the yips nondystonic, and those with no yips.On video review of two-handed putting, five golfers had yips that appeared to be dystonic, nine had yips that did not appear to be dystonic, and 13 had no yips. During two-handed putting co-occurrence of a yipped putt and wrist flexor/extensor and/or pronator/supinator co-contraction was significantly more frequent in those with dystonic yips. The dystonic group had no increase in the number of yipped putts or yips with co-contraction when putting right hand only, whereas the nondystonic group had significantly more yipped putts and more yipped putts with co-contraction with right hand only.Quantitative methods were identified that appear to identify golfers with a dystonic etiology for the yips. It is not just the frequency of yips nor just specific motion patterns alone, rather it is also a combination of yips with co-occurring co-contraction when putting with two hands, and then right hand only, that distinguished this possible etiology. Despite being a small study, identifying a dystonic pattern, even in a nonpressure indoor setting, may aid in assessment and possible monitoring of treatment.