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Imaging dynamic and selective low-complexity domain interactions that control gene transcription

2018; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 361; Issue: 6400 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.aar2555

1095-9203

Shasha Chong, Claire Dugast‐Darzacq, Zhe Liu, Peng Dong, Gina M. Dailey, Claudia Cattoglio, Alec Heckert, Sambashiva Banala, Luke D. Lavis, Xavier Darzacq, Robert Tjian,

RNA modifications and cancer

Phase separation and gene control Many components of eukaryotic transcription machinery—such as transcription factors and cofactors including BRD4, subunits of the Mediator complex, and RNA polymerase II—contain intrinsically disordered low-complexity domains. Now a conceptual framework connecting the nature and behavior of their interactions to their functions in transcription regulation is emerging (see the Perspective by Plys and Kingston). Chong et al. found that low-complexity domains of transcription factors form concentrated hubs via functionally relevant dynamic, multivalent, and sequence-specific protein-protein interaction. These hubs have the potential to phase-separate at higher concentrations. Indeed, Sabari et al. showed that at super-enhancers, BRD4 and Mediator form liquid-like condensates that compartmentalize and concentrate the transcription apparatus to maintain expression of key cell-identity genes. Cho et al. further revealed the differential sensitivity of Mediator and RNA polymerase II condensates to selective transcription inhibitors and how their dynamic interactions might initiate transcription elongation. Science , this issue p. eaar2555 , p. eaar3958 , p. 412 ; see also p. 329