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First Report of the Leafhoppers Ceratagallia nitidula and Empoasca abrupta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as Vectors of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’

2018; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 102; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-06-18-0975-pdn

1943-7692

S. Salas-Muñoz, J. A. Mauricio-Castillo, Chris H. Dietrich, Rebecca Creamer, Luís Roberto Reveles-Torres,

Plant Virus Research Studies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 12First Report of the Leafhoppers Ceratagallia nitidula and Empoasca abrupta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as Vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii' PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of the Leafhoppers Ceratagallia nitidula and Empoasca abrupta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as Vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii'S. Salas-Muñoz, J. A. Mauricio-Castillo, C. H. Dietrich, R. Creamer, and L. R. Reveles-TorresS. Salas-Muñozhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-2686, J. A. Mauricio-Castillo, C. H. Dietrich, R. Creamer, and L. R. Reveles-Torres†Corresponding author: L. R. Reveles-Torres; E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-8697AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations S. Salas-Muñoz , CONACYT-INIFAP-CEZAC, México J. A. Mauricio-Castillo , Unidad Académica de Agronomía de la U.A.Z., México C. H. Dietrich , Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, U.S.A. R. Creamer , New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, U.S.A. L. R. Reveles-Torres † , INIFAP-CEZAC, Mexico. Published Online:23 Oct 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-18-0975-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In May 2016, leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) of two species, Ceratagallia nitidula Oman and Empoasca abrupta DeLong, were collected in the municipality of Calera de V.R., Zacatecas (22°57′55.03″ N, 102°41′04.79″ W) and identified using diagnostic characters of the male genitalia (Hamilton 1998). To test for their ability to transmit phytoplasmas, the two leafhopper species were allowed to feed on 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii'–infected chili pepper plants for 1 week. Inoculations were done in duplicate, allowing groups of 25 leafhoppers of each species to feed on each of 10 healthy chili pepper plants exposed separately for 48 h; five healthy plants were used as negative controls (no insect infestation). After this period, the leafhopper populations were recovered from every cage and tested for 'Ca. P. trifolii' presence. Infested chili pepper plants and negative controls were maintained separately at 22°C, and symptoms were evaluated 40 days after leafhopper infestation. No symptoms were observed in negative controls, whereas six out 10 and seven out 10 plants inoculated by C. nitidula and E. abrupta, respectively, showed symptoms including foliar deformation, long internodes, fall of flowers, and yellowing. Symptomatic and asymptomatic plants as well as pools of 20 insects of each species were tested for phytoplasma infection by direct (Smart et al. 1996) and nested (Gundersen and Lee 1996) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The nested PCR amplicons (1.2 kb) obtained from all the positive extracts were cloned separately and directly sequenced. No PCR products were obtained from negative controls and symptomless plants. BLAST analyses of the amplified sequences confirmed the presence of 'Ca. P. trifolii' strains in C. nitidula, E. abrupta, and symptomatic chili pepper. Computer-simulated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed using iPhyClassifier (https://plantpathology.ba.ars.usda.gov/cgi-bin/resource/iphyclassifier.cgi), and the patterns obtained from the aligned 16S rDNA sequence (MG958642) isolated from C. nitidula, E. abrupta, and chili pepper were most closely related (98.7%) to the reference strain (AY390261) of the group 16SrVI ('Ca. P. trifolii'), subgroup A (Hiruki and Wang 2004). Although there are reports about the presence of 'Ca. P. trifolii' affecting crops of economic interest in Mexico (Salas-Muñoz et al. 2016), the information on their vectors is limited. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these two leafhopper species as vectors of 'Ca. P. trifolii'. Only one other species of Empoasca, E. papayae Oman from the Caribbean region, has been reported as a phytoplasma vector (Sein and Adsuar 1947). Austroagallia torrida (Evans), which belongs to the same leafhopper tribe (Agalliini) as Ceratagallia, was reported as a vector of the phytoplasma associated with rugose leaf curl disease of clovers in Australia (Grylls et al. 1974), but no other species of this tribe have been identified as phytoplasma vectors. The identification of these two new vectors of phytoplasmas can help to establish strategies to avoid the spread of diseases caused by 'Ca. P. trifolii' in Mexico and other countries.References:Grylls, N. E., et al. 1974. J. Gen. Virol. 23:179. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-23-2-179 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarGundersen, D. E., and Lee, I. M. 1996. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144. Google ScholarHamilton, K. G. A. 1998. Can. Entomol. 130:427. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent130427-4 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHiruki, C., and Wang, K. 2004. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:1349. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02842-0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSalas-Muñoz, S., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:2320. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-16-0583-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarSein, F., and Adsuar, J. 1947. Science 106:130. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.106.2745.130 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSmart, C. D., et al. 1996. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2988. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 102, No. 12 December 2018SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 20 Nov 2018Published: 23 Oct 2018First Look: 20 Jul 2018Accepted: 18 Jul 2018 Page: 2636 Information© 2018 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byTürkiye'nin Iğdır İli'nde sararma ve çalımsı görünüm gösteren biber bitkilerinde 'Candidatus phytoplasma trifolii'nin varlığı30 September 2022 | Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 59, No. 3Hatay İli Biber (Capsicum Annuum L.) 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