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The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

2019; Institute of Physics; Volume: 2019; Issue: 02 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/056

1475-7516

P. A. R. Ade, James E. Aguirre, Zeeshan Ahmed, Simone Aiola, Aamir Ali, David Alonso, Marcelo A. Alvarez, Kam Arnold, Peter Ashton, J. E. Austermann, Humna Awan, C. Baccigalupi, Taylor Baildon, Darcy Barron, Nicholas Battaglia, Richard A. Battye, Eric J. Baxter, A. O. Bazarko, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, D. Beck, Shawn Beckman, Benjamin Beringue, F. Bianchini, Steven Boada, D. Boettger, J. R. Bond, Julian Borrill, Michael D. Brown, Sarah Marie Bruno, Sean Bryan, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, P. Calisse, Julien Carron, A. Challinor, Grace E. Chesmore, Y. Chinone, Jens Chluba, Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho, Steve K. Choi, Gabriele Coppi, Nicholas F. Cothard, Kevin Coughlin, Devin Crichton, Kevin D. Crowley, Kevin T. Crowley, A. Cukierman, John M. D'Ewart, Rolando Dünner, T. de Haan, Mark J. Devlin, Simon Dicker, Joy Didier, M. Dobbs, Bradley Dober, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, John Dusatko, Josquin Errard, Giulio Fabbian, Stephen M. Feeney, Simone Ferraro, Pedro Fluxá, Katherine Freese, J. Frisch, Andrei V. Frolov, George M. Fuller, Brittany Fuzia, Nicholas Galitzki, Patricio A. Gallardo, José T. Gálvez Ghersi, Jiansong Gao, Eric Gawiser, M. Gerbino, Vera Gluscevic, N. Goeckner-Wald, Joseph E. Golec, Sam Gordon, Megan Gralla, Daniel Green, Arpi Grigorian, J. C. Groh, Chris Groppi, Yilun Guan, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Dongwon Han, Peter Hargrave, M. Hasegawa, Matthew Hasselfield, M. Hattori, Victor Haynes, M. Hazumi, Yizhou He, Erin Healy, Shawn Henderson, Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, Charles A. Hill, J. Colin Hill, G. C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, G. Hinshaw, Renée Hložek, Shirley Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, L. Howe, Zhiqi Huang, Johannes Hubmayr, K. M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Anna Ijjas, Margaret Ikape, K. D. Irwin, Andrew H. Jaffe, Bhuvnesh Jain, O. Jeong, Daisuke Kaneko, E. Karpel, N. Katayama, Brian Keating, Sarah S. Kernasovskiy, R. Keskitalo, Theodore Kisner, Kenta Kiuchi, Jeff Klein, Kenda Knowles, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur Kosowsky, N. Krachmalnicoff, Stephen E. Kuenstner, Chao‐Lin Kuo, A. Kusaka, Jacob Lashner, Adrian V. Lee, Eunseong Lee, D. Leon, Jason S.-Y. Leung, Antony Lewis, Yaqiong Li, Zack Li, M. Limon, Eric V. Linder, C. H. López-Caraballo, Thibaut Louis, Lindsay Lowry, Marius Lungu, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, D. S. Y. Mak, Felipe Maldonado, Hamdi Mani, Ben Mates, Frederick Matsuda, L. Maurin, P. Mauskopf, Andrew May, Nialh McCallum, Chris McKenney, J. J. McMahon, P. Daniel Meerburg, Joel Meyers, Amber Miller, Mark Mirmelstein, Kavilan Moodley, Moritz Münchmeyer, Charles Munson, Sigurd Næss, F. Nati, M. Navaroli, Laura Newburgh, Hồ Nam Nguyễn, Michael D. Niemack, H. Nishino, John Orlowski-Scherer, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, J. Peloton, F. Perrotta, Lucio Piccirillo, G. Pisano, D. Poletti, Roberto Puddu, Giuseppe Puglisi, Chris Raum, C. L. Reichardt, M. Remazeilles, Yoel Rephaeli, Dominik A. Riechers, Felipe Rojas, Anirban Roy, Sharon Sadeh, Y. Sakurai, Maria Salatino, Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao, Emmanuel Schaan, Marcel Schmittfull, Neelima Sehgal, Joseph Seibert, Uroš Seljak, Blake D. Sherwin, Meir Shimon, Carlos Sierra, Jonathan Sievers, S. P. Sikhosana, Maximiliano Silva-Feaver, Sara M. Simon, Adrian K. Sinclair, P. Siritanasak, Kendrick M. Smith, Stephen R. Smith, David N. Spergel, Suzanne T. Staggs, George Stein, Jason Stevens, R. Stompor, Aritoki Suzuki, O. Tajima, S. Takakura, Grant Teply, Daniel B. Thomas, B. Thorne, Robert Thornton, Hy Trac, Calvin Tsai, C. Tucker, Joel N. Ullom, Sunny Vagnozzi, Alexander van Engelen, Jeff Van Lanen, Daniel D. Van Winkle, Eve M. Vavagiakis, C. Vergès, Michael Vissers, Kasey Wagoner, Samantha Walker, Jon Ward, B. Westbrook, N. Whitehorn, Jason A. Williams, Joel Williams, Edward J. Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Byeonghee Yu, Cyndia Yu, Fernando Zago, Hezi Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu,

Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.