Et vocavit nomen eius Mariam. Iconographic approach to The Birth of Mary in the Spanish Gothic painting
2013; Volume: 3; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2255-5889
Autores Tópico(s)Medieval and Early Modern Iberia
ResumoAside from the endearing anecdotal bias that, at first glance, seems to characterize it, the iconographic theme of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, very popular in Christian Byzantine and European art in Middle Ages, can and should be interpreted according to a higher dimension of doctrinal depth. Relying on a number of passages of prestigious Church Fathers and medieval theologians, this paper seeks to highlight four important dogmatic meanings underlying this iconographic motif: the birth of Mary means, at the same time, the ushering in a perfect and immaculate creature, the pre-announcement of her virgin divine motherhood, the prophetic proclamation of the redemption of mankind, and the and metaphoric suggestion of “sealed up fountain” from which springs the “water of life”. We have applied here this triple hermeneutic reading to a set of Spanish Gothic paintings that illustrate perfectly this theme. Sources Alvarez Campos, Sergio (ed.), Corpus Marianum Patristicum (Continens omnia alicuius momenti de Beata Maria Virgine documenta quae repe trasriri potuerunt in scriptoribus septem primorum saeculorum. Collegit ex novissimis editionibus et digessit Sergius Alvarez Campos) , Burgos, Ediciones Aldecoa, 1970-1981, 7 vols. Anselmo de Canterbury, Santo, Oratio XLIX, Ad eamdem Dei Matrem . PL 158, 946-948. Buenaventura, Santo, De Annuntiatione B. Virginis Mariae Sermo III , en Obras de Buenaventura. Edicion bilingue , Madrid, La Editorial Catolica, Col. BAC, 1947, Tomo IV, p. 762. Efren de Siria, Santo, Carmina Sogita 1, 37 . En Alvarez Campos 1970, vol. II, p. 517. Escritor anonimo griego o Gregorio Taumaturgo, Homilia II in Annuntiationem . PG 10, 1156-1169. En Alvarez Campos 1979, vol. IV/2, p. 283. Evangelium Pseudo Matthei . Texto bilingue latin/espanol, publicado en Santos Otero 2006, pp. 173-236. Himnografo anonimo (c. siglo VI), Hymnus 8. En Alvarez Campos 1981, vol. V, p. 165. Juan Damasceno, Santo, Homilia I in Nativitatem B.V. Mariae . PG 96, 662-679. Juan Damasceno, Santo, Homilia II in Nativitatem B.V. Mariae . PG 96, 680-691. Juan de Eubea, Santo, Sermo in Conceptionem Sanctae Deiparae , XXI. PG 96, 1451-1499. Justo de Urgell, In Cantica Canticorum 91. PL 67, 978 D. En Alvarez Campos 1981, vol. VI, p. 350. Liber de Nativitate Mariae . Texto bilingue latin/espanol, publicado en Santos Otero 2006, pp. 238-252. Migne, Jacques-Paul (ed.), Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina , Paris, Garnier, 1844-1864, 221 vols. (Citado con la abreviatura PL) Migne, Jacques-Paul (ed.), Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca , Paris, Garnier, 1857-1867, 166 vols. (Citado con la abreviatura PG) Pedro Damian, Santo, Sermo XLIV. I. In Nativitate Beatissimae Virginis Mariae (VIII Sept.) . PL 144, 736-740. Pedro Damian, Santo, Sermo XLV. II. In Nativitate Beatissimae Virginis Mariae (VIII Sept.) . PL 144, 740-748. Pedro Damian, Santo, Sermo XLVI. III. In Nativitate Beatissimae Virginis Mariae (VIII Sept.) . PL 144, 748-761. Protoevangelio de Santiago . Texto bilingue griego/espanol, publicado en Santos Otero 2006, pp. 130-170. Roman el Meloda, Santo, (Romanus Cantor), Hymnus 35 . En Alvarez Campos 1979, vol. IV/2, p. 116. Santos Otero, Aurelio de, Los Evangelios Apocrifos (Coleccion de textos griegos y latinos, version critica, estudios introductorios y comentarios por Aurelio de Santos Otero), Madrid, La Editorial Catolica, Col. Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 13a impresion, 2006, 781 p. Vita Virginis. Fragmentum I-IV . En Alvarez Campos 1981, vol. V, pp. 231-243. Voragine, Santiago de la, La Leyenda Dorada (traduccion del latin por Fray Jose Manuel Macias), Madrid, Alianza Editorial, Col. Alianza Forma, 29-30, 2 vols. Bibliography Basile, Giuseppe (ed.), Giotto. La Cappella degli Scrovegni , Milano, Electa, 1992, 388 p. Borsook, Eve, The mural painters of Tuscany. From Cimabue to Andrea del Sarto , Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1980, lvii,157 p. + il., s.p. Coche de la Ferte, Etienne, L’art de Byzance , Paris, Mazenod, 1981, xv,360 p. + 84 p. pl. Fremantle, Richard, Florentine Gothic Painters. From Giotto to Masaccio. A guide to painting in and near Florence 1300 to 1450 , London, Martin Secker and Warburg, 1975, 665 p. + 40 pl. Gudiol Ricart, Jose, Pintura gotica , vol. 9 de Ars Hispaniae. Historia Universal del Arte Hispanico , Madrid, Plus Ultra, 1955, 420 p. Gudiol, Josep y Alcolea i Blanch, Santiago, Pintura gotica catalana , Barcelona, Ediciones Poligrafa, 1986, 494 p. Hills, Paul, The light of early Italian painting , New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1987, 160 p. Lacarra Ducay, Maria del Carmen, La pintura gotica en la Corona de Aragon (exposicion), Museo e Instituto de Humanidades “Camon Aznar”, Zaragoza, 21 octubre-10 diciembre 1980, 149 p. Lacarra Ducay, Maria del Carmen, “Blasco de Granen y la pintura del gotico internacional en Aragon”, en Maria del Carmen Lacarra Ducay (Coord.), La pintura gotica durante el siglo XV en tierras de Aragon y en otros territorios peninsulares , Zaragoza, Institucion Fernando el Catolico (CSIC), Col. Actas Arte, 2007, pp. 7-72. Lacarra Ducay, Maria del Carmen, (Coord.), La pintura gotica durante el siglo XV en tierras de Aragon y en otros territorios peninsulares , Zaragoza, Institucion Fernando el Catolico (CSIC), Col. Actas Arte, 2007, 373 pp. Lafontaine-Dosogne, Jacqueline, Iconographie de l'enfance de la Vierge dans l'Empire Byzantin et en Occident , Bruxelles, Academie Royale de Belgique, 1964-1965, 2 vols. Limentani, Caterina y Pietrogiovanna, Mari, Retables. L’âge gothique et la Renaissance , Paris, Citadelles & Mazenod, 2001, 418 p. Maginnis, Hayden B.J., The world of the early Sienese painter (With a translation of the Sienese Breve dell’Arte dei Pittori, by Gabriele Erasmi), Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001, xxi,310 p. + ill., s.p. Maginnis, Hayden B.J., Painting in the age of Giotto. A historical revaluation , Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, 217 p. + ill., s.p. Mueller von der Haegen, Anne, Giotto di Bondone, hacia 1267-1337 , Colonia, Konemann, 2000, 140 p. Offner, Richard, Studies in Florentine painting. The fourteenth century , New York, Junius Press, 1972 [1927], v,149 p. + il., s.p. Ousterhout, Robert, The Art of the Kariye Camii , Istambul, Scala Publ. in association with Archaeology and Art Publications, 2002, 128 p. Panera Cuevas, Francisco Javier, El retablo de la Catedral Vieja de Salamanca , Salamanca, Caja Duero, 2000, 397 pp. Poeschke, Joachim, Fresques italiennes du temps de Giotto, 1280-1400 , Paris, Citadelles & Mazenod, 2003, 455 p. Post, Chandler Rathfon, A History of Spanish Painting , Milwood, Kraus Reprint, 1976, vol. VII. Roettgen, Steffi, Fresques italiennes de la Renaissance, 1400-1470 , Paris, Citadelles & Mazenod, 1996, 472 p. Salvador Gonzalez, Jose Maria, “ Lo sobrenatural y lo cotidiano en la iconografia medieval de la Natividad de Maria: Breve aproximacion a una leyenda popular ”, Especulo . Revista de Estudios Literarios , XIV (43), Madrid, noviembre 2009-febrero 2010, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Salvador Gonzalez, Jose Maria, Ancilla et Regina . Aproximaciones a la iconografia mariana en la Edad Media , Saarbrucken, Editorial Academica Espanola, 2012, pp. 9-40. Smart, Alastair, The Dawn of Italian Painting 1250-1400 , Oxford, Phaidon, 1978, 152 p. + ill. s.p. Talbot Rice, David, Byzantine art , Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1968 [1935], 580 p. Underwood, Paul A. (ed.), The Kariye Djami. Vol. 4 . Studies in the art of the Kariye Djami and its intellectual background , New York, Bollingen Series LXX / Princeton University Press, 1975, 369 p. + pl. s.p. Velmans, Tania, La peinture murale byzantine a la fin du Moyen Âge , Paris, Klincksieck, 1977, 2 vols. Velmans, Tania, “Mosaicos y frescos”, en Velmans, Tania, Vojislav Korac y Mariva Suput, Bizancio. El esplendor del arte monumental , Barcelona, Lunwerg, 1999, 527 p. VV.AA. La pintura gotica hispanoflamenca: Bartolome Bermejo y su epoca (exposicion), Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 26 de febrero-11 de mayo de 2003; Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 9 de junio-31 de agosto de 2003, 587 pp. Weigelt, Curt H., Sienese painting of the Trecento , New York, Hacker Art Books, 1974, 108 p.+ 120 lam.
Referência(s)