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Plasma ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme levels: A novel non-invasive diagnosis tool for patients with significant prostate cancer

2018; Wiley; Volume: 22; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/jcmm.13845

1582-4934

Enrique Gómez‐Gómez, Juan M. Jiménez‐Vacas, Julia Carrasco‐Valiente, Vicente Herrero‐Aguayo, Ana Blanca, Antonio J. León‐González, J. Valero-Rosa, José Luis Fernández-Rueda, Teresa González Serrano, José López‐Miranda, Manuel D. Gahete, Justo P. Castaño, M.J. Requena-Tapia, Raúl M. Luque,

Hormonal and reproductive studies

Early detection of PCa faces severe limitations as PSA displays poor-specificity/sensitivity. As we recently demonstrated that plasma ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT)-enzyme is significantly elevated in PCa-patients compared with healthy-controls, using a limited patients-cohort, we aimed to further explore the potential of GOAT to improve PCa diagnosis using an ample patients-cohort (n = 312) and defining subgroups (i.e. significant PCa/metastatic patients, etc.) that could benefit from this biomarker. Plasma GOAT-levels were evaluated by ELISA in patients with (n = 183) and without (n = 129) PCa. Gleason Score ≥ 7 was considered clinically significant PCa. GOAT-levels were higher in PCa patients vs control patients, and in those with significant PCa vs non-significant PCa. GOAT-levels association with the diagnoses of significant PCa was independent from traditional clinical variables (i.e. PSA/age/DRE). Remarkably, GOAT outperformed PSA in patients with PSA-levels ranging 3-20 ng/mL for the significant PCa diagnosis [GOAT-AUC = 0.612 (0.531-0.693) vs PSA-AUC = 0.494 (0.407-0.580)]. A panel of key variables including GOAT/age/DRE/testosterone also outperformed the same panel but with PSA [AUC = 0.720 (0.710-0.730) vs AUC = 0.705 (0.695-0.716), respectively]. Notably, GOAT-levels could also represent a novel predictive biomarker of aggressiveness, as its levels are positively associated with Gleason Score and the presence of metastasis at the time of diagnoses. Altogether, our data reveal that GOAT-levels can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for significant PCa diagnosis in patients at risk of PCa (with PSA: 3-20 ng/mL).