Emperor Constantine and the theology of Christianity from onhis autocracy to the Second Ecumenical Council
2014; Volume: 6; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2255-5889
Autores Tópico(s)Biblical Studies and Interpretation
ResumoSince his autocracy to his death, Constantine the Great helped the Christianity to be the main religion to all over the empire. This period of time many heresies appeared. They put the unity of Christianity and its teaching in a great danger. Educated people as Arius, Apollinarius, Marcellus, Eunomius and Macedonius tried to explain the nature of God, His actions and His names according to human relationships, their thoughts and their beliefs. The result was a catastrophe, because new heresies were introduced to the Empire. Orthodox Fathers, as Athanasius the Great and Cappadocians Fathers tried to disprove the heresies with success. Upon to these fathers teaching, the First and the Second Ecumenical Councils managed to base their doctrines and to preserve the true teaching and doctrines of Christianity. Sources and Bibliography 1. Primary sources Apollinarius of Laodicea, De fide et incarnationecontra adversarios, H. Lietzmann, Apollinaris von Laodicea und seine Schule , 1, Tubingen 1904, 193-203 Athanasius of Alexandria, Contra Gentiles Athanasius of Alexandria, On the Incarnation Basilius of Caesarea, Against Eunomius. Basilius of Caesarea, Epistle 125 Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastic History Eusebius of Caesarea, Constantine’s Life Hermias Sozomenos Philostorgius, Ecclesiastical History, Comprising A History Of The Church , A.D. 324 To A.D. 440 (1855), Kessinger publishing, 2004 Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, 2. Bibliography Artemi, E., «One physis of the God Word sesarkomeni α). Apollinarius’ teaching, β)Cyril’s of Alexandria teaching, Ecclesiastic Faros ΟΔ (2003), 293 – 304 Artemi, E., «The religious policy of the Byzantine Emperors from the First to the Fourth Ecumenical Council», Ecclesiastic Faros ΟΣΤ (2005), 121- 163. Artemi, E., «The Enfleshed Birth of the Word», Antiairetiko Egolpio (2009) http://egolpion.com/gennhsh yiou.el.aspx . Artemi, E., «Arius’ heresy and the First Ecumenical Council» Antiairetiko Egolpio (2009) http://egolpion.com/airesh areiou.el.aspx . Artemi, E., Ересь Ария и I Вселенский собор, Ирина Артеми , http://apologet.spb.ru/chranenie-dogmata-v-tserkvi/eres-ariya-i-i-vselenskiy-sobor.html . (2011) Artemi, E., «Αpollinarius’ heresy and the Second Ecumenical Council» http://www.impantokratoros.gr/eirhnh-artemi-apollinarios.el.aspx . (2011) Ayres, L., Nicaea and Its Legacy , 2004, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2004 Barry, W., «Arianism.» In The Catholic Encyclopedia New York: Robert Appleton Company. (1907). Retrieved April 23, 2012 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707c.htm Bethune-Baker, J.F,, Christian Doctrine to the time of the Council of Chalcedon, London : Methuen 1903, 212,213 Capone, Al., “La polemica apollinarista alla fine del IV secolo: la lettera di Gregorio di Nissa a Teofilo di Alessandria”, in Gregory of Nyssa: The Minor Treatises on Trinitarian Theology and Apollinarism. Proceedings of the 11th International Colloquium on Gregory of Nyssa (Tubingen, 17–20 September 2008), ed. By V.H. Drecoll, M. Berghaus, Leiden - Boston 2011, 499–517 Cunliffe-Hubert, J. & Benjamin, Dr. (ed.), A History of Christian Doctrine, Edinburgh: T&T Clark Ltd: 1978 Christophilopoulou, A., Byzantine History, A ΄ 324- 610, Thessaloniki: Vanias 2 1996. Davis, L.D., The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1983. Fidas, Vl., Ecclesiastic History, Athens 1992. Herbermann, C. & Grupp, G., “Constantine the Great” In The Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. (1908) Retrieved April 20, 2012 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm Karagiannopoulos, J., Byzantine State , Thessaloniki: Vanias 4 1996. Kelly, J.N.D., The Nicene Crisis in Early Christian Doctrines , New York 1978, Kelly, J.N.D., The Creed of Nicea in Early Christian Creeds , New York 1982. Ioannou, P.P., La legislation imperiale et la christianisation de l’ empire romain (311-476 ), Orientalia Christiana Analecta 192, Roma 1972. Myers, E., (1909). Eunomianism. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05605a.htm (2012) Papadopoulos, St., Patrologia II, Athens 1990. Williams, R., Arius: Heresy and Tradition , Darton: Longman & Todd Ltd, 1987. Internet http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/cce/id/278/rec/20 (2012)
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