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First Report of Bacterial Wilt of Amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus ) Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Benin

2018; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-07-18-1140-pdn

1943-7692

Rachidatou Sikirou, Marie Epiphane Dossoumou, Bruno Zocli, Victor Afari‐Sefa, Judith Honfoga, K. Azoma, Jiading Chen, Mathews L. Paret, Wubetu Bihon,

Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 3First Report of Bacterial Wilt of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Benin PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Bacterial Wilt of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in BeninR. Sikirou, M.-E. E. A. Dossoumou, B. Zocli, V. Afari-Sefa, J. Honfoga, K. Azoma, J.-R. Chen, M. L. Paret, and W. BihonR. Sikirou†Corresponding author: R. Sikirou; E-mail: E-mail Address: rachidatous@yahoo.fr, M.-E. E. A. Dossoumou, B. Zocli, V. Afari-Sefa, J. Honfoga, K. Azoma, J.-R. Chen, M. L. Parethttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-0418, and W. BihonAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations R. Sikirou † M.-E. E. A. Dossoumou B. Zocli , Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin (INRAB/LDC), 01 BP 884 Cotonou, Benin V. Afari-Sefa J. Honfoga K. Azoma , World Vegetable Center, West and Central Africa–Coastal and Humid Regions, IITA-Benin Campus, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal Cotonou, Benin J.-R. Chen , World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan, 74199, Taiwan M. L. Paret , University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL 32351, U.S.A. W. Bihon , World Vegetable Center, West and Central Africa–Dry Regions, Samanko Research Station, Bamako, Mali. Published Online:31 Dec 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-18-1140-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is an important leafy vegetable cultivated in Benin. In September 2017, wilted amaranth plants of accessions AC NL and Madiira-1 that did not exhibit any foliar discoloration were observed at a field in Cotonou, Benin. Average disease incidences of 72.4 and 27.08% were recorded on accessions AC NL and Madiira-1, respectively, in two plots with an area of ∼8.5 m2. The longitudinal sections of most stems of the infected plants showed vascular discoloration, and all the cut stems released whitish bacterial ooze in water. On semiselective modified medium from South Africa (SMSA) agar plates (Engelbrecht 1994), isolated bacterial colonies were morphologically similar to Ralstonia solanacearum. Koch's postulates were performed with three bacterial isolates by inoculating the susceptible amaranth accession AC NL grown in sterilized field soil. Amaranth plants (10 per isolate) were inoculated by drenching the soil around the crown region of the plant with 40 ml of bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml). Susceptible tomato cultivar (cv. Tohounvi; five per isolate) was also inoculated with the same bacterial suspensions. Amaranth and tomato plants drenched with sterile distilled water served as the negative control. Three-week-old plants were inoculated and maintained under shade at about 28 to 31°C. Amaranth plants started wilting 12 days after inoculation, and within 4 weeks 73.3% of plants wilted, and all the inoculated tomato plants wilted within 7 days. The noninoculated amaranth and tomato plants remained healthy during the period of the experiment. R. solanacearum was recovered from all symptomatic plants on SMSA medium. Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using R. solanacearum species-specific primer pairs 759/760 (Opina et al. 1997). The size of the PCR product (282 bp) of the samples from amaranth suggested that the pathogen was R. solanacearum. Multiplex PCR using specific primer for phylotypes I, II, III, and IV (Fegan and Prior 2005) identified the amaranth strain as R. solanacearum phylotype I. Endoglucanase partial gene amplification and sequencing were conducted using the Endo primer pairs (Gutarra et al. 2017). The BLAST search of DNA sequence of the amplified Endo gene region confirmed that the strain was 99% identical to NCBI accessions AB508612 and HM775371 and 98% identical to MF783890. The nucleotide sequence was submitted to the NCBI GenBank and available with the accession number MH397250. Surveys to evaluate the impact of bacterial wilt disease to amaranth farmers in Benin and a plan of action for crop rotation for reducing risk are planned. This is the first recorded report of R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt on amaranth in the Republic of Benin.References:Engelbrecht, M. C. 1994. ACIAR Bact. Wilt Newsl. 10:3. Google ScholarFegan, M., and Prior, P. 2005. Page 449 in: Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Google ScholarGutarra, L., et al. 2017. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01221 Crossref, Google ScholarOpina, N., et al. 1997. Asia Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. 5:19. ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by The Conservation Food and Health Foundation.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 3 March 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 6 Mar 2019Published: 31 Dec 2018First Look: 25 Sep 2018Accepted: 19 Sep 2018 Pages: 578-578 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingThe Conservation Food and Health FoundationCited byEggplant accessions ( Solanum melongena ) for resistance to bacterial wilt disease and for use as a rootstock for grafted tomato in Mali and Burkina-FasoActa Horticulturae, Vol. 109, No. 1348Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumRalstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumScreening of Amaranthus sp. 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