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An Alternative View of the Microseismicity along the Western Main Marmara Fault

2018; Seismological Society of America; Volume: 108; Issue: 5A Linguagem: Inglês

10.1785/0120170258

1943-3573

Evangelia Batsi, Anthony Lomax, Jean Baptiste Tary, Frauke Klingelhoëfer, Vincent Riboulot, Shane Murphy, Stephen Monna, Nurcan Meral Özel, Doğan Kalafat, H. Sarıtaș, Günay Çifçi, N. Çağatay, Luca Gasperini, Louis Géli,

Earthquake Detection and Analysis

Research Article| August 07, 2018 An Alternative View of the Microseismicity along the Western Main Marmara Fault Evangelia Batsi; Evangelia Batsi aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Anthony Lomax; Anthony Lomax bALomax Scientific, 320 Chemin des Indes, 06370 Mouans Sartoux, France, alomax@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jean‐Baptiste Tary; Jean‐Baptiste Tary cDepartamento de Geociencias, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1ª No 18‐A‐10 ‐Edificio M1 Tercer Piso, Bogotá, Colombia, jb.tary@uniandes.edu.co Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Frauke Klingelhoefer; Frauke Klingelhoefer aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Vincent Riboulot; Vincent Riboulot aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Shane Murphy; Shane Murphy aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Stephen Monna; Stephen Monna dIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata, 605, Unit RU Integrated Systems for Marine Environmental Infrastructures, 00143 Rome, Italy, stephen.monna@ingv.it Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Nurcan Meral Özel; Nurcan Meral Özel eBoğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), 34684 Cengelkoy, Istanbul, Turkey, Nurcan.Meral.Ozel@ctbto.orgkalafato@boun.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dogan Kalafat; Dogan Kalafat eBoğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), 34684 Cengelkoy, Istanbul, Turkey, Nurcan.Meral.Ozel@ctbto.orgkalafato@boun.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Hakan Saritas; Hakan Saritas fDokuz Eylül University (DEU), Cumhuriyet Bulvarı No. 144, 35210 Alsancak, İzmir, Turkey, hakan.saritas@mta.gov.trgunay.cifci@deu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Günay Cifçi; Günay Cifçi fDokuz Eylül University (DEU), Cumhuriyet Bulvarı No. 144, 35210 Alsancak, İzmir, Turkey, hakan.saritas@mta.gov.trgunay.cifci@deu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Namik Çagatay; Namik Çagatay gFaculty of Mines, Department of Geology, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, cagatay@itu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Luca Gasperini; Luca Gasperini hInstitute of Marine Science, National Research Council (ISMAR‐CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, luca.gasperini@ismar.cnr.it Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Louis Géli Louis Géli aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Evangelia Batsi aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Anthony Lomax bALomax Scientific, 320 Chemin des Indes, 06370 Mouans Sartoux, France, alomax@free.fr Jean‐Baptiste Tary cDepartamento de Geociencias, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1ª No 18‐A‐10 ‐Edificio M1 Tercer Piso, Bogotá, Colombia, jb.tary@uniandes.edu.co Frauke Klingelhoefer aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Vincent Riboulot aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Shane Murphy aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Stephen Monna dIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata, 605, Unit RU Integrated Systems for Marine Environmental Infrastructures, 00143 Rome, Italy, stephen.monna@ingv.it Nurcan Meral Özel eBoğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), 34684 Cengelkoy, Istanbul, Turkey, Nurcan.Meral.Ozel@ctbto.orgkalafato@boun.edu.tr Dogan Kalafat eBoğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), 34684 Cengelkoy, Istanbul, Turkey, Nurcan.Meral.Ozel@ctbto.orgkalafato@boun.edu.tr Hakan Saritas fDokuz Eylül University (DEU), Cumhuriyet Bulvarı No. 144, 35210 Alsancak, İzmir, Turkey, hakan.saritas@mta.gov.trgunay.cifci@deu.edu.tr Günay Cifçi fDokuz Eylül University (DEU), Cumhuriyet Bulvarı No. 144, 35210 Alsancak, İzmir, Turkey, hakan.saritas@mta.gov.trgunay.cifci@deu.edu.tr Namik Çagatay gFaculty of Mines, Department of Geology, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, cagatay@itu.edu.tr Luca Gasperini hInstitute of Marine Science, National Research Council (ISMAR‐CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, luca.gasperini@ismar.cnr.it Louis Géli aInstitut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire Aléas géologiques et Dynamique sédimentaire ‐ LAD, Marine Geosciences Research Unit, CS 70, 20280 Plouzané, France, Evangelia.Batsi@ifremer.frFrauke.Klingelhoefer@ifremer.frVincent.Riboulot@ifremer.frShane.Murphy@ifremer.frLouis.Geli@ifremer.fr Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 07 Aug 2018 Online Issn: 1943-3573 Print Issn: 0037-1106 © Seismological Society of America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2018) 108 (5A): 2650–2674. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170258 Article history First Online: 07 Aug 2018 Connected Content Companion: Reply to “Comment on ‘An Alternative View of the Microseismicity along the Western Main Marmara Fault’ by E. Batsi et al.” by Y. Yamamoto et al. Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Evangelia Batsi, Anthony Lomax, Jean‐Baptiste Tary, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Vincent Riboulot, Shane Murphy, Stephen Monna, Nurcan Meral Özel, Dogan Kalafat, Hakan Saritas, Günay Cifçi, Namik Çagatay, Luca Gasperini, Louis Géli; An Alternative View of the Microseismicity along the Western Main Marmara Fault. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2018;; 108 (5A): 2650–2674. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170258 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search Abstract A detailed study, based on ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs) recordings from two recording periods (3.5 months in 2011 and 2 months in 2014) and on a high‐resolution, 3D velocity model, is presented here, which provides an alternative view of the microseismicity along the submerged section of the North Anatolian fault (NAF) within the western Sea of Marmara (SoM). The nonlinear probabilistic software packages of NonLinLoc and NLDiffLoc were used for locating earthquakes. Only earthquakes that comply with the following location criteria (e.g., representing 20% of the total amount of events) were considered for analysis: (1) number of stations≥5⁠; (2) number of phases≥6⁠, including both P and S; (3) root mean square (rms) location error≤0.5 s⁠; and (4) azimuthal gap≤180°⁠. P and S travel times suggest that there are strong velocity anomalies along the Western High, with low Vp⁠, low Vs⁠, and ultra‐high Vp/Vs in areas where mud volcanoes and gas‐prone sediment layers are known to be present. The location results indicate that not all earthquakes occurred as strike‐slip events at crustal depths (⁠>8 km⁠) along the axis of the Main Marmara fault (MMF). In contrast, the following features were observed: (1) a significant number of earthquakes occurred off‐axis (e.g., 24%), with predominantly normal focal mechanisms, at depths between 2 and 6 km, along tectonically active, structural trends oriented east–west or southwest–northeast, and (2) a great number of earthquakes was also found to occur within the upper sediment layers (at depths<2 km⁠), particularly in the areas where free gas is suspected to exist, based on high‐resolution 3D seismics (e.g., 28%). Part of this ultra‐shallow seismicity appears to occur in response to deep earthquakes of intermediate (⁠ML∼4–5⁠) magnitude. Resolving the depth of the shallow seismicity requires adequate experimental design ensuring source–receiver distances of the same order as hypocentral depths. To reach this objective, deep‐seafloor observatories with a sufficient number of geophone sensors near the fault trace are needed. 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