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Presence of Aspergillus tubingensis Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Helleborus Species in Shanghai, China

2018; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-07-18-1226-pdn

1943-7692

Fiza Liaquat, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis, Samiah Arif, Shengquan Che, Q. Liu,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 4Presence of Aspergillus tubingensis Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Helleborus Species in Shanghai, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licensePresence of Aspergillus tubingensis Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Helleborus Species in Shanghai, ChinaF. Liaquat, M. F. H. Munis, S. Arif, S. Che, and Q. LiuF. LiaquatDepartment of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China; Search for more papers by this author, M. F. H. Munishttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-2012Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author, S. ArifDepartment of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China; Search for more papers by this author, S. CheDepartment of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China; Search for more papers by this author, and Q. Liu†Corresponding author: Q. Liu; E-mail: E-mail Address: liuql@sjtu.edu.cnDepartment of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China; Search for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations F. Liaquat1 M. F. H. Munis2 3 S. Arif1 S. Che1 Q. Liu1 † 1Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; and 3Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Published Online:29 Jan 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-18-1226-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Genus Helleborus is well known for its medicinal plants and ornamental cut flowers in different parts of the world. This genus belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, and about 22 species are present in Europe, West Asia, and the United States (Shiraishi et al. 2011). In February 2018, brown leaf spot symptoms were detected on leaves of two species of hellebores, namely, Helleborus thibetanus and H. niger, in the greenhouse in Shanghai, China (N31°02′53.99″, E121°29′30.4″). Disease distribution was observed on 80% of the plant population. The brown spots were more prevalent on middle and upper leaves of plant canopy. Early symptoms appeared in the form of small brown spots (1 to 3 mm), and later, the leaves withered and dropped off the plant. Symptomatic leaves were collected, washed with sterile water, surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s and 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 to 5 min, and washed again with sterile water three times. Leaf fragments (approximately 5 × 5 mm) were aseptically cut from the margins of the lesions, placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25 ± 1°C. A colony about 6 to 7 cm in diameter appeared on PDA after 5 days, and it was black at the center and white at the edges. Under a compound microscope, each conidiophore appeared yellow, and the vesicles were not septate. The globose and yellow vesicle was covered by a layer of phialides, which were 34 to 36 μm in diameter. The phialides were greenish and 22 to 34 μm long. The conidia, which were 2.4 to 4.8 μm in diameter on each phialide, were globose and dark brown, and their surface was smooth initially and gradually produced some thorns. The sizes of the vesicles and conidia were measured from 50 random samples of each. Identity of the fungus was further investigated by extracting DNA from one of the isolates, named BSZ-6(2), and sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene (primers ITS1/ITS4), the β-tubulin gene (primers Bt2a/Bt2b), and the calmodulin (CaM) gene (primers CMD5/CMD6) was performed. BLASTn analysis of the ITS gene (MF379660.1), β-tubulin gene (KY608858.1), and CaM gene (FR751422.1), obtained with cognate sequences available in GenBank database, revealed 100% sequence identity to Aspergillus tubingensis. These morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolate AT_01 were consistent with those of A. tubingensis (Guo et al. 2017; Shiraishi et al. 2011). Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by placing PDA plugs from 15-day-old cultures on eight wounded and eight unwounded leaflets in each of six Helleborus samplings. As a control, uncolonized PDA plugs were placed onto an equal number of wounded and unwounded leaflets. All the inoculated leaflets presented symptoms, whereas control leaflets remained healthy. The pathogen was recovered from symptomatic leaflets and was found to be morphologically identical to the inoculated one. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tubingensis casing leaf spot disease on any Helleborus species. This leaf spot disease can significantly affect the growth of this economically important medicinal and ornamental plant.References:Guo, J. W., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:505. Link, ISI, Google ScholarShiraishi, T., et al. 2011. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 77:269. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: This work was supported by Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Fengxian District.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 4 April 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionGray mold on kiwifruit leaves caused by Botrytis cinerea (courtesy Guoshu Gong and Qinjun Tao); sunflower rust on bracts (courtesy Sam Markell); cucumber plant with mosaic symptoms caused by papaya ringspot virus (courtesy Roger Jones). Metrics Article History Issue Date: 10 Apr 2019Published: 29 Jan 2019First Look: 18 Oct 2018Accepted: 15 Oct 2018 Pages: 766-766 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingScience and Technology Committee of Shanghai Fengxian DistrictCited byCalotropis procera (L.) mediated synthesis of AgNPs and their application to control leaf spot of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (L.)1 January 2024 | Brazilian Journal of Biology, Vol. 84Detection and characterization of Aspergillus tubingensis causing leaf rot disease in pak choi in China15 June 2022 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, No. 5Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried12 April 2022 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 13Isolation and characterization of pathogen causing brown rot in lemon and its control by using ecofriendly botanicalsPhysiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Vol. 114Resistance associated metabolite profiling of Aspergillus leaf spot in cotton through non-targeted metabolomics12 February 2020 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 15, No. 2