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Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of PHB Production by Cyanobacteria

2018; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 14; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/ind.2018.0017

1931-8421

Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, Juliana Botelho Moreira, Bárbara Franco Lucas, Vagner da Silva Braga, Ana Paula Aguiar Cassuriaga, Michele Greque de Morais,

Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms known for their high protein content, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Due to these features, cyanobacteria biomass can be used as a food supplement and in the production of biofuels, drugs, or biopolymers. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer belonging to the class of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) that are produced by heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria. The biosynthesis of PHB by cyanobacteria occurs in the presence of a high carbon concentration and with a sufficient amount of at least one nutrient essential for microorganism growth, such as nitrogen or phosphorus. PHB is biocompatible with tissues and is biodegradable in microbiologically active environments. The main applications of PHB are in food packaging, drug delivery systems, and interior and exterior paints. Production of cyanobacterial PHB can be optimized by isolating strains with greater potential for synthesis, genetic engineering, improved extraction and purification methods, and the use of residues as a nutrient source for culture and scale up. This review examines the potential of cyanobacteria for PHB production, discusses cultivation conditions, and investigates the current knowledge of cyanobacterial metabolism as well as possible applications and economic and industrial prospects for the synthesis of this biopolymer.