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Global expansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 shaped by colonial migration and local adaptation

2018; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 4; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/sciadv.aat5869

2375-2548

Ola Brynildsrud, Caitlin S. Pepperell, Philip Noël Suffys, Louis Grandjean, Johana Monteserin, Nadia Debech, Jon Bohlin, Kristian Alfsnes, John H.‐O. Pettersson, Ingerid Ørjansen Kirkeleite, Fátima Cristina Onofre Fandinho Montes, Márcia Aparecida da Silva, João Perdigão, Isabel Portugal, Miguel Viveiros, Taane G. Clark, Maxine Caws, Sarah J. Dunstan, Phan Vuong Khac Thai, Beatriz López, Viviana Ritacco, Andrew Kitchen, Tyler S. Brown, Dick van Soolingen, Mary B. O’Neill, Kathryn E. Holt, Edward J. Feil, Barun Mathema, François Balloux, Vegard Eldholm,

RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

On the basis of population genomic and phylogeographic analyses of 1669 Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 (L4) genomes, we find that dispersal of L4 has been completely dominated by historical migrations out of Europe. We demonstrate an intimate temporal relationship between European colonial expansion into Africa and the Americas and the spread of L4 tuberculosis (TB). Markedly, in the age of antibiotics, mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance overwhelmingly emerged locally (at the level of nations), with minimal cross-border transmission of resistance. The latter finding was found to reflect the relatively recent emergence of these mutations, as a similar degree of local restriction was observed for susceptible variants emerging on comparable time scales. The restricted international transmission of drug-resistant TB suggests that containment efforts at the level of individual countries could be successful.