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Colonization of the Northeastern United States by Two Palearctic Moths (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)

1971; Cambridge Entomological Club; Volume: 78; Issue: 1-2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1155/1971/924863

1687-7438

Jerry A. Powell, John M. Burns,

Insect Pheromone Research and Control

Thirty years ago, two Palearctic tortricids, Croesia forskaleana (Linnaeus) and Clepsis unifasciana (Duponchel), were recorded in the Nearctic from Long Island, New York (Klots 1941).Almost no information on their progress has been published, but specimens subsequently collected on another island and at several points on the mainland indicate that these immigrants are spreading.Because rapid range changes are potentially useful in analyzing microevolution (see, e.g., Baker and Stebbins 1965; Burns 1966)the more so as they are accurately documented -• we attempt here to put the scene together, to interest other workers in future developments, and to encourage accelerated deposition of specimens in institutional collections.Although numerous lepidopteran and other insect species have reached the United States from the Old World and become established (e.g., Popham and Hall 1958), many came so early, or were so unspectacular after arriving, that their American history is obscure.The rare detailed accounts of spread deal with species such as the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (Linnaeus) (Corliss 1952), and the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Smith 1959), which are conspicuous or economically important (or both).A few introductions of Microlepidoptera have been fairly well chronicled, such as that of the tortricid Cnephasia longana (Haworth) on the Pacific Coast (Powell 1 964*2) ; but most have not.At worst, as in California populations of the fungus-eating Oinophila v-flava (Haworth), a long gap in the temporal record, together with complex ecological and distributional data from the present, make an unequivocal choice between native and alien status impossible (Powell 1964^; Lawrence and Powell 1969).The crucifer-eating diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curtis), and various cosmopolitan household pests like the Indian meal moth, Plodia inter punctella (Hiibner), and the clothes moth, Tineola biselliella (Hummel), have been in North America so long that neither their beachheads nor their invasion patterns are known.Even