Diplodia seriata Associated with Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback in Apple Trees in Chile
2018; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-10-18-1785-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresGonzalo A. Díaz, L. Mostert, F. Halleen, Mauricio Lolas, Mauricio Gutierrez, E. E. Ferrada, B. A. Latorre,
Tópico(s)Nematode management and characterization studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 5Diplodia seriata Associated with Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback in Apple Trees in Chile PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseDiplodia seriata Associated with Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback in Apple Trees in ChileG. A. Díaz, L. Mostert, F. Halleen, M. Lolas, M. Gutierrez, E. Ferrada, and B. A. LatorreG. A. Díaz†Corresponding author: G. A. Díaz; E-mail Address: g.diaz@utalca.clhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-5251Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747-721, Talca, Chile; , L. MostertDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; , F. Halleenhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-1201Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; , M. LolasLaboratorio de Patología Frutal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747-721, Talca, Chile; , M. GutierrezLaboratorio de Patología Frutal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747-721, Talca, Chile; , E. FerradaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile; and , and B. A. LatorreFacultad de Agronomia e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations G. A. Díaz1 † L. Mostert2 F. Halleen3 M. Lolas1 M. Gutierrez1 E. Ferrada4 B. A. Latorre5 1Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747-721, Talca, Chile; 2Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; 3Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; 4Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile; and 5Facultad de Agronomia e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Published Online:11 Mar 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-18-1785-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat During 2017 and 2018, a survey of diseased apple trees (Malus × domestica) was conducted in seven commercial orchards of cultivars Cripps Pink, Fuji, Granny Smith, and Royal Gala located in central Chile (34°09' to 35°26' S). Symptoms on branches and twigs could be observed from October to April on >7-year-old apple trees and were characterized by short internodes and dead twigs and branches. Cross sections of twigs and branches revealed brown wedge-shaped cankers with a hard consistency. The prevalence of symptomatic plants ranged from 8 to 35% in different orchards. To isolate the causal agent, canker samples (n = 60) were surface disinfected with 96% ethanol for 5 s and flamed for 8 s, and pieces (1 to 2 cm in length), taken from the margins of cankered tissues, were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) modified with IGEPAL (Díaz and Latorre 2014). After 5 days at 20°C, pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips to fresh PDA plates. On PDA, the isolates (n = 41) developed gray to dark gray fast-growing colonies with a dense aerial mycelium. Multiple dark-brown mature pycnidia were induced after 15 days under ultraviolet light at 20°C. All isolates produced mature brown to dark brown aseptate conidia, rounded at both ends, with mean size of 23 to 26 × 10 to 12 µm (n = 40). On the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics, these isolates were tentatively identified as Diplodia seriata De Not (Phillips et al. 2007). Three isolates (Bot-2018-S7, Bot-2018-S11, and Bot-2018-S12) were selected for sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene, a portion of the β-tubulin (BT) gene, and part of the translation elongation factor (EF1-α) gene using primers ITS4/ITS5, Bt2a/Bt2b and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively (Úrbez-Torres et al. 2008). BLAST searches indicated 99 to 100% identity with D. seriata CBS 112555 ex-type specimen. D. seriata sequences from Chilean apple were deposited in GenBank (accessions nos. MH675472 to MH675474, MH745087 to MH745089, and MH908101 to MH908103 for ITS, BT, and EF1-α, respectively). A pathogenicity test was conducted on 15-year-old apple trees cultivar Fuji (n = 12) with isolates Bot-2018-S7, Bot-2018-S11, and Bot-2018-S12, in the experimental station of Panguilemo, Talca. Ten healthy twigs (40-cm long) per tree were pruned in winter (June) and immediately inoculated with 40 µl of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml). Thirty twigs (over three trees) were inoculated per isolate. An equal number of twigs inoculated with 40 µl of sterile water served as controls. After 5 months, the inoculated twigs produced canker lesions of 5 to 11 cm in length, and dieback symptoms were observed. Reisolations were successful from inoculated twigs, and isolates' identity was confirmed molecularly, completing Koch's postulates. Noninoculated controls remained symptomless. Previously in Chile, Botryosphaeria dothidea was reported causing Botryosphaeria canker in apple trees (Latorre and Toledo 1984), but D. seriata has been reported causing apple dieback in Canada and Uruguay (Delgado-Cerrone et al. 2016; Úrbez-Torres et al. 2016). To our knowledge, this is the first description of apple dieback caused by D. seriata in Chile.References:Delgado-Cerrone, L., et al. 2016. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 146:637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0949-z Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDíaz, G. A., and Latorre, B. A. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:351. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-12-1180-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarLatorre, B. A., and Toledo, M. V. 1984. Plant Dis. 68:36. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-68-36 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarPhillips, A. J. L., et al. 2007. Fungal Divers. 25:141. ISI, Google ScholarÚrbez-Torres, J. R., et al. 2008. Plant Dis. 92:519. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-4-0519 Link, ISI, Google ScholarÚrbez-Torres, J. R., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:1243. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1358-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Fondecyt no. 1180677).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 5 May 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionTomato leaves infected with Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (Olmedo-Velarde, Roy, Belanger, Watanabe, Hamasaki, Mavrodieva, Nakhla, and Melzer). Photo credit: M. J. Melzer. Spinach plants with downy mildew symptoms caused by Peronospora effusa (Kandel, Mou, Shishkoff, Shi, Subbarao, and Klosterman). Photo credit: S. L. Kandel. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 May 2019Published: 11 Mar 2019First Look: 30 Nov 2018Accepted: 27 Nov 2018 Page: 1025 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y TecnológicoGrant/Award Number: Fondecyt no. 1180677Cited byIn vitro and in vivo activity of chemical fungicides and a biofungicide for the control of wood diseases caused by botryosphaeriales fungi in apple and pear11 November 2022 | International Journal of Pest Management, Vol. 68, No. 4Investigations on Fungi Isolated from Apple Trees with Die-Back Symptoms from Basilicata Region (Southern Italy)21 May 2022 | Plants, Vol. 11, No. 10Characterization and Pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia, and Neofusicoccum Species Causing Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback of Apple Trees in Central ChileGonzalo A. Díaz, Adrían Valdez, Francois Halleen, Enrique Ferrada, Mauricio Lolas, and Bernardo A. 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