The microbiome of the nose
2018; Elsevier BV; Volume: 122; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/j.anai.2018.05.009
ISSN1534-4436
Autores Tópico(s)Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
ResumoKey Messages•The nasal microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms that can be found throughout the nose and sinuses.•Bacteria in the nose and nasal microbiome profiles can be detected shortly after birth.•Staphylococcus aureus is a key pathogenic bacterium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; however, this may dependent on the phenotype and severity of disease.•Probiotics can potentially improve clinical efficacy of immunotherapies and antihistamines in treatment plans of allergic rhinitis, but this requires further evidence. •The nasal microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms that can be found throughout the nose and sinuses.•Bacteria in the nose and nasal microbiome profiles can be detected shortly after birth.•Staphylococcus aureus is a key pathogenic bacterium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; however, this may dependent on the phenotype and severity of disease.•Probiotics can potentially improve clinical efficacy of immunotherapies and antihistamines in treatment plans of allergic rhinitis, but this requires further evidence. InstructionsCredit can now be obtained, free for a limited time, by reading the review article and completing all activity components. Please note the instructions listed below:•Review the target audience, learning objectives and all disclosures.•Complete the pre-test.•Read the article and reflect on all content as to how it may be applicable to your practice.•Complete the post-test/evaluation and claim credit earned. At this time, physicians will have earned up to 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Minimum passing score on the post-test is 70%.Overall PurposeParticipants will be able to demonstrate increased knowledge of the clinical treatment of allergy/asthma/immunology and how new information can be applied to their own practices.Learning ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this activity, participants should be able to:•Describe the relationship between the nasal microbiome, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis•Discuss clinical trials examining the potential clinical benefits of probiotic treatments in chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitisRelease Date: January 1, 2019Expiration Date: December 31, 2020Target AudiencePhysicians involved in providing patient care in the field of allergy/asthma/immunologyAccreditationThe American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.DesignationThe American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.Disclosure PolicyAs required by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and in accordance with the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) policy, all CME planners, presenters, moderators, authors, reviewers, and other individuals in a position to control and/or influence the content of an activity must disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest that have occurred within the past 12 months. All identified conflicts of interest must be resolved and the educational content thoroughly vetted for fair balance, scientific objectivity, and appropriateness of patient care recommendations. It is required that disclosure be provided to the learners prior to the start of the activity. Individuals with no relevant financial relationships must also inform the learners that no relevant financial relationships exist. Learners must also be informed when off-label, experimental/investigational uses of drugs or devices are discussed in an educational activity or included in related materials. Disclosure in no way implies that the information presented is biased or of lesser quality. It is incumbent upon course participants to be aware of these factors in interpreting the program contents and evaluating recommendations. Moreover, expressed views do not necessarily reflect the opinions of ACAAI.Disclosure of Relevant Financial RelationshipsAll identified conflicts of interest have been resolved. Any unapproved/investigative uses of therapeutic agents/devices discussed are appropriately noted.Planning Committee•Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD (Annals CME Subcommittee): Consultant, Fees: Imedics; Consultant/Principal Investigator, Grants/Fees: Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline; Consultant/Principal Investigator/Speaker, Grants/Fees: AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Novartis/Genentech, Shire; Speaker, Fees: Baxalta•Guha Krishnaswamy, MD (Annals CME Subcommittee): Clinical Research, Grant: CSL Behring•Gailen D. Marshall, Jr, MD, PhD (Editor-in-Chief): Clinical Research, Grants: Sanofi, Stallergenes•Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, MD (CME Series Editor, Deputy Editor): Clinical Research, Grant: Nutricia, Nestle, ITN NIH, DBV, Astellas; Speaker, Fees: Nutricia, Nestle, Thermofisher; Contributor, Royalties: UpToDate: Clinical Trial DMC Member: Merck; Board Member: Gerber, IFPIES•John J. Oppenheimer, MD (Annals CME Subcommittee, Associate Editor): Consultant, Other financial gains: DBV Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, Kaleo; Clinical Research, Grants: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, NovartisAuthorsThe following individuals have no relevant financial relationships to disclose:• Matthew Rawls, BHSc• Anne K. Ellis, MD, MSc, FRCPCRecognition of Commercial Support: This activity has not received external commercial support.Copyright Statement: © 2015–2019 ACAAI. All rights reserved.CME Inquiries: Contact the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology at [email protected]or 847-427-1200. Credit can now be obtained, free for a limited time, by reading the review article and completing all activity components. Please note the instructions listed below:•Review the target audience, learning objectives and all disclosures.•Complete the pre-test.•Read the article and reflect on all content as to how it may be applicable to your practice.•Complete the post-test/evaluation and claim credit earned. At this time, physicians will have earned up to 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Minimum passing score on the post-test is 70%. Participants will be able to demonstrate increased knowledge of the clinical treatment of allergy/asthma/immunology and how new information can be applied to their own practices. At the conclusion of this activity, participants should be able to:•Describe the relationship between the nasal microbiome, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis•Discuss clinical trials examining the potential clinical benefits of probiotic treatments in chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis Release Date: January 1, 2019 Expiration Date: December 31, 2020 Physicians involved in providing patient care in the field of allergy/asthma/immunology The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. As required by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and in accordance with the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) policy, all CME planners, presenters, moderators, authors, reviewers, and other individuals in a position to control and/or influence the content of an activity must disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest that have occurred within the past 12 months. All identified conflicts of interest must be resolved and the educational content thoroughly vetted for fair balance, scientific objectivity, and appropriateness of patient care recommendations. It is required that disclosure be provided to the learners prior to the start of the activity. Individuals with no relevant financial relationships must also inform the learners that no relevant financial relationships exist. Learners must also be informed when off-label, experimental/investigational uses of drugs or devices are discussed in an educational activity or included in related materials. Disclosure in no way implies that the information presented is biased or of lesser quality. It is incumbent upon course participants to be aware of these factors in interpreting the program contents and evaluating recommendations. Moreover, expressed views do not necessarily reflect the opinions of ACAAI. All identified conflicts of interest have been resolved. Any unapproved/investigative uses of therapeutic agents/devices discussed are appropriately noted. •Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD (Annals CME Subcommittee): Consultant, Fees: Imedics; Consultant/Principal Investigator, Grants/Fees: Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline; Consultant/Principal Investigator/Speaker, Grants/Fees: AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Novartis/Genentech, Shire; Speaker, Fees: Baxalta•Guha Krishnaswamy, MD (Annals CME Subcommittee): Clinical Research, Grant: CSL Behring•Gailen D. Marshall, Jr, MD, PhD (Editor-in-Chief): Clinical Research, Grants: Sanofi, Stallergenes•Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, MD (CME Series Editor, Deputy Editor): Clinical Research, Grant: Nutricia, Nestle, ITN NIH, DBV, Astellas; Speaker, Fees: Nutricia, Nestle, Thermofisher; Contributor, Royalties: UpToDate: Clinical Trial DMC Member: Merck; Board Member: Gerber, IFPIES•John J. Oppenheimer, MD (Annals CME Subcommittee, Associate Editor): Consultant, Other financial gains: DBV Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, Kaleo; Clinical Research, Grants: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis The following individuals have no relevant financial relationships to disclose: • Matthew Rawls, BHSc • Anne K. Ellis, MD, MSc, FRCPC Recognition of Commercial Support: This activity has not received external commercial support. Copyright Statement: © 2015–2019 ACAAI. All rights reserved. CME Inquiries: Contact the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology at [email protected] or 847-427-1200.
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