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Desarrollo de la “remolacha azucarera” y de la “remolacha forrajera” Beta vulgaris L. (Amaranthaceae) sembradas directamente en zonas altoandinas del norte del Perú

2018; Antenor Orrego Private University; Volume: 25; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Espanhol

10.22497/arnaldoa.253.25311

2413-3299

Candace Rojas Ruiz,

Plant and soil sciences

Resumen En la “jalca” y puna, zona ecologica de pradera muy humeda montana, donde se presentan heladas en cualquier momento, se realizaron dos experimentos con “remolacha azucarera” (uno con dos cultivares, y el otro con uno) y uno con “remolacha forrajera”, sembradas directamente. Los con azucarera se realizaron en el caserio de Huaynas, distrito de Huaso, provincia de Julcan, a 3887 m s. n. m., y en el caserio de Chinchinvara, distrito de Huaso, provincia de Julcan, a 3564 m s. n. m.; y el con forrajera en el caserio de El Bado, distrito de Quiruvilca, provincia de Santiago de Chuco, a 3718 m s. n. m. Se estudiaron 0, 100, y 200 kgN ha -1 en la “remolacha azucarera”, en bloques completos al azar, con 12 repeticiones; y en la forrajera las densidades de 100 000, 150 000 y 200 000 plantas por hectarea en bloques completos al azar, con 9 repeticiones. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos en uno de los experimentos con azucarera, y no en el otro. La “remolacha forrajera” no mostro diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. El desarrollo vegetativo de la remolacha, ya sea azucarera o forrajera, fue similar hasta los tres meses. Pasada esa edad, solo la forrajera continuo su crecimiento, lo que se debe a que se le rego. Las plantas de “remolacha azucarera” mostraron resistencia a las heladas esporadicas de la epoca de lluvias y a las muy frecuentes de la epoca de escasez. Los rendimientos obtenidos con la “remolacha azucarera” son extremadamente bajos (menos de 6.6t ha -1 ) debido al estres hidrico presentado durante el ciclo vegetativo del cultivo. La “remolacha forrajera”, a pesar de haber pasado todo el invierno y soportado en dicha epoca heladas casi diarias, ha producido rendimientos adecuados (entre 37,65t ha -1 y 62,95t ha -1 ) porque se practico el riego complementario. Palabras clave : Beta vulgaris , remolacha azucarera, remolacha forrajera, zona altoandina, jalca, Peru. Abstract In the highlands, in Puna and Jalca region: a very humid montane grassland, where freezing is normal at any moment, two experiments with sugar beet crop (one with two cultivars, and one with one cultivar) and one experiment with fodder beet were made, all of them directly sowed. Experiments with sugar beet were made at Huaynas Village, Huaso District, Julcan Province, at 3887 m a.s.l., and at Chinchinvara Village, Huaso District, Julcan Province, at 3564 m a.s.l.; and with fodder beet at El Bado Village, Quiruvilca District, Santiago de Chuco Province, at 3718 m a.s.l. Doses of 0, 100 and 200 kgN ha -1 were studied in sugar beet, in random complete blocks with 12 replications; and in fodder beet 100 000, 150 000 and 200 000 plants per hectare in random complete blocks with 9 replications. Significantly differences between treatments were found in one experiment with sugar beet, but no differences were found in the other one. No statistical differences were found in fodder beet. Until three months, development of crops was similar in sugar and fodder beets. After that age, just fodder beet continued its development because it was irrigated. Sugar beet plants showed resistance to sporadic freezing of rainy season and to very frequent freezing of dry season. Sugar beet yields are very low (less than 6.6t ha -1 ) because of the water stress during its development. Fodder beet had normal yields (between 37.65t ha -1 and 62.95t ha -1 ), in spite of its development in winter season enduring freezing almost every day, because it had complementary irrigation. Keywords: Beta vugaris , sugar beet, fodder beet, Andean highlands, Jalca region, Peru.