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An intervention study for the prevention and control of health care-associated infection in the critical cares area of a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

2018; Medknow; Volume: 22; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_270_18

1998-359X

Sanjay Gupta, Fahd Al Khaleefah, Ibrahim Al Harbi, Fiaz ud Din Ahmed, Sinimol Jabar, Marilou A. Torre, Sunitha Lorin Mathias,

Infection Control in Healthcare

IntroductIonHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is an infection that patients acquire during receiving treatment and care for the medical or surgical problem. [1]HAI is a major concern for patient safety and its can lead to a prolonged hospital stay, long-term disability, the resistance of microorganisms, the extra financial burden to the healthcare system, more costs for patients and their families, and increases mortality. [2,3]HAI is defined as: "An infection occurred in a patient during the process of care in a hospital or other health-care institution which was not present or incubating at the time of admission.This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge. [4]The CDC and WHO surveys conducted in the 183 hospitals in the United States of America and observed 4% HAIs, the most common types were pneumonia (21.8%), followed by surgical site infections (21.8%), and gastrointestinal infections (17.1%). [5]he study conducted by Moataz M. et al. in 2004 at Saudi Arabia about surveillance of nosocomial infections in the military hospital they observed 32.3% respiratory tract infection followed by 25.7% urinary tract infection (UTI) and 18.6% bloodstream infection (BSI). [6]We estimated that in 2011 there were 648,000 patients reported 721,800 HAIs in U. S. acute care hospitals.On these HAIs cases, 33,848 pathogens reported, 87% were bacteria, and 13% were fungi. [6]Over 15% of infections were polymicrobial.The most commonly isolated pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci aureus, Enterococcus species, Candida species, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [7]n Europe, 5 million HAIs cases reported every year, of which 50,000 (1%) are lethal and contribute to death in 135,000 cases (2.7%). [8,9]troduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an infection that patients acquire during receiving treatment and care for the medical or surgical problem.Objective: The objective of this study is to find the patterns of HAIs cases in the hospital and to know the impact of the intervention on prevention and control of health care associated infection.Methodology: This was prospective interventional study.Results: The majority of cases of HAIs was reported from intensive care unit 47%.The most common site involved due to HAIs was catheter-associated urinary tract infection followed by central line-associated bloodstream infection.During the study period, around 28% reduction of cases were reported.During 6 months period (March to August 2016), around 540 cases were admitted in the critical care areas out of that 32 cases were reported as HAIs (5.9%) for the same period from (March to August 2017) was (3.4%), that difference came to be a statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.12, P = 0.042, df = 1).Conclusion: This small study showed that strict implementation of care bundles with good compliance of hand hygiene, Personal protective equipment and antibiotic stewardship are helpful for prevention and control of hospital acquired infections.This study also demonstrated significant (28%) reduction of hospital acquired infections during the study period.