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Germ cell apoptosis and survival in testicular inflammation

2018; Wiley; Volume: 50; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/and.13083

1439-0272

María Susana Theas,

Male Reproductive Health Studies

AndrologiaVolume 50, Issue 11 e13083 INVITED REVIEW Germ cell apoptosis and survival in testicular inflammation María Susana Theas, Corresponding Author msusanatheas@yahoo.com.ar orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-9833 Cátedra II de Histología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Correspondence María Susana Theas, Cátedra II de Histología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10 CP(C1121ABG), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: msusanatheas@yahoo.com.arSearch for more papers by this author María Susana Theas, Corresponding Author msusanatheas@yahoo.com.ar orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-9833 Cátedra II de Histología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Correspondence María Susana Theas, Cátedra II de Histología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10 CP(C1121ABG), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: msusanatheas@yahoo.com.arSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 December 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13083Citations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Male infertility is due to genetics, hormonal or environmental causes, or is idiopathic. Azoospermia is linked to local testicular microenvironment deregulation, with inflammatory cells present in the 15% of testicular biopsies of infertile patients. As widely reported, spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis are controlled by local immunoregulatory agents produced by immune and nonimmune cells. Moreover IL-6R, TNFR1, Fas and IL-1R are expressed on germ cells, indicating a direct action of pro-inflammatory agents on these cells. Beyond the known function of cytokines and nitric oxide on testicular function at the stable levels present in the normal testis, this review focalises on the effect of pro-inflammatory factors on germ cell survival and death when inflammatory conditions are established in the testis. As no cure for male infertility has been found up to the present, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is the therapeutic option for azoospermic patients who wish to achieve genetic parenthood. Therapies with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in experimental models of testicular damage have been successful. However, clinical implementation is uncertain in cases with a prolonged inflammatory state of the testis. Therapies offering multiple approaches to treat infertility by restoring the spermatogonial stem cell niche and protecting germ cells from apoptosis should be considered. Citing Literature Volume50, Issue11Special Issue: Current concepts of inflammatory disorders in male infertilityDecember 2018e13083 RelatedInformation