The nature of Shifting Cultivation
1960; Wiley; Volume: 1; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/apv.11006
ISSN2638-4825
Autores Tópico(s)Coffee research and impacts
ResumoPacific ViewpointVolume 1, Issue 1 p. 59-99 ArticleFree Access The nature of Shifting Cultivation A Review of Recent Research R. F. Watters, R. F. Watters R. F. Watters is Lecturer in Geography of Victoria University of WellingtonSearch for more papers by this author R. F. Watters, R. F. Watters R. F. Watters is Lecturer in Geography of Victoria University of WellingtonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1960 https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.11006Citations: 24AboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1Allan, W., 1949, “ Studies in African Land Usage in Northern Rhodesia”, Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, No. 15. London. 2Allsop, L., 1953, “ Shifting Cultivation in Burma: Its Practice, Effects and Control and its Use to make Forest Plantations”, Proceedings of the Seventh Pacific Science Congress, 1949, Christchurch, pp. 277- 285. 3Aubréville, A., 1949, Cümats, forêts et désertification de I’Afrique tropicale, Paris. 4Bartlett, H. H., 1955 and 1957, Fire in Relation to Primitive Agriculture and Grazing in the Trophies. Annotated Bibliography. Vol. I (1955). Vol. II (1957). Ann Arbor, Michigan. Three more volumes are to be published. 5Bartlett, H. H., 1956, “ Fire, Primitive Agriculture and Grazing in the Tropics”, Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth>, edited by William I. Thomas, others. Chicago, pp. 692- 720. 6Bartlett, H. H., 1957, “ Possible Separate Origin and Evolution of the Ladang and Sawah Types of Tropical Agriculture”, Ninth Pacific Science Congress, Abstract of Papers, Bangkok, pp. 45- 46. 7Beukering van, J. A., 1947, “Het Ladangvraagstak”, Landbouw, Batavia, XIX, 6, pp. 241- 285. 8Bews, J. W., 1935, Human Ecology, London. 9Blumenstock, David I., 1958, “Distribution and Characteristics of Tropical Climates”, Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Science Congress, 1957, Vol. 20, Bangkok, pp. 3- 23. 10Bohannan, Paul, 1954, Tiv Farm and Settlement, H.M.S.O., London. 11Bower, Ursula G. B., 1952, Naga Path, London. 12Brown, G., 1910, Melanesians and Polynesians, London. 13Brown, Paula and Brookfield H. C., 1959, “Chimbu Land and Society”, Oceania, XXX, 1, Sept. 1959, Sydney. 14Buchanan, K. M., and Pugh, J. C.1955, Land and People in Nigeria, London. 15Caniero, Robert, 1956, “ Slash and Burn Agriculture: A Closer Look at its Implications for Settlement Pattern”, Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Philadelphia. 16Cassidy, N. G. and Pahalad, S. D., 1953, “The Maintenance of Soil Fertility in Fiji, Fijian Agricultural Journal, 24, Dec. 1953, Suva, pp. 82- 86. 17Carter, G. F.Pendleton. R. L, 1956, “The Humid Soil: Process and Time”, Geographical Review, XLVI, New York, pp. 488- 507. 18Castro, Suárez de., 1953, “Some Effects of Burning on Soil and Yields”, Boletin Informatión, Chinchilla, Caldas, Columbia, IV, 41, May 1953, pp. 9- 32. 19Chaturvedi, M. D. and Uppal, R. N., 1953, “ A Study in Shifting Cultivation in Assam”, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Series, New Delhi. 20Colony of North Borneo, 1951, Report of the Committee on Shifting Cultivation, 12th November, 1951, Sandakan. 21Conklin, Harold C. 1954, “ An Ethnoecological Approach to Shifting Agriculture”, Transactions N.Y. Academy of Sciences, Series II, 17, 22nd Dec. 1954, New York, pp. 133- 142. 22ConklinHarold, C. 1957, “Hanunóo Agriculture. A Report on an Integral System of Shifting Cultivation in the Philippines”, F.A.O. Forestry Development Paper, 12, Rome. 23Darby, H. C., “ The Clearing of the Woodland in Europe”, Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, L. Thomas William. Others. Chicago, pp. 183- 216. 24Demangeon, A., 1947, Proldemes de Géographic Hnmaine, Paris. 25Department of Agriculture, Malaya, 1939, “Padi Planting Methods in Malaya”, Malayan Agricultural Journal, XXVII, 2, Kuala Lumpur, February 1939. 26Dundas, J., 1944, “Bush Burning in Tropical Africa”, Empire Forestry Journal, 23, London, pp. 122- 125. 27Eckwall, E., 1955, “Slash-and-Burn Cultivation: A Contribution to Anthropological Terminology”, Man, LV, 143, London, Sept. 1955, pp. 135- 136. 28Elwin, V., 1947, The Muria and their Ghotul, Bombay. 29Farmer, B. H., 1957, Pioneer Peasant Colonization in Ceylon, London. 30Faulkner, O. T. and Mackie, J. R., 1933, West African Agriculture, Cambridge. 31Ferdon Edwin, N., 1959, “Agricultural Potential and the Development of Culture”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 15, 1, Spring, 1959, Albuquerque, pp. 1- 19. 32F.A.O.Staff, 1957, “Shifting Cultivation”, Unasylva, II, 1, Washington. 33Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States, 1948, “ Lands of Shifting Cultivation”, Soil Conservation, Washington. 34Forde, C. Daryll., 1934, Habitat, Economy and Society, London. 35Freeman, J. D., 1955, “ Iban Agriculture. A Report on the Shifting Cultivation of Hill Rice by the Iban of Sarawak”, Colonial Research Studies, No. 18, London. 36Frith, A. C., 1955, “No Man’s Land”, Empire Forestry Review, 34, 2, June 1955, London, pp. 179- 187. 37Geddes, W. R., 1954, The Land Dayaks of Sarawak, H.M.S.O., London. 38Gheebrant, A., 1953, Impossible Adventure, London. 39Goma Conference, 1949, “Comptes Rendus de la Conférence Africaine des Sols, 8-16 Nov., 1948”, Bulletin Agricole dti Congo Beige, 4 vols., 40, pp. 1- 4, Brussels. 40Gourou, Pierre, 1953, The Tropical World, Trans. Laborde, E.D., London. 41Gourou, Pierre, 1956, “ The Quality of Land Use of Tropical Cultivators”, Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, edited by William L. Thomas, and others, Chicago, pp. 336- 349. 42Gourou, Pierre, 1959, “ L’Asie du Sud-Est et le Monde Tropical”, Proceedings of I.G.U. Regional Conference in Japan, 1957, Tokyo, pp. 574- 578. 43Griaule, M. and Dieterlen, G., 1954, “ The Dogon of the French Sudan”, African Worlds, London, pp. 83- 110. 44Haan de, J. H., 1950, “ Progress in Shifting Cultivation in Indonesia”, Transactions Fourth International Congress of Soil Science, 24th July-lst August, 1950, Amsterdam, pp. 314- 320. 45Hodder, B. W., 1956, “The Economic Development of Sarawak”, Geographical Studies, III, 2, London. 46Izikowitz, K. G., 1951, “Lamet: Hill Peasants in French Indochina”, Etnologiska Studier, 17, Goteborg. 47Jewitt, T. N., 1950, “ Shifting Cultivation on the Clay Plains of the Central Sudan”, Transactions of the Fourth International Congress of Soil Science, 21st July-lst August, 1950, Amsterdam, pp. 331- 333. 48Joachim, A. W. R. and Kandiah, J., 1948, “The Effect of Shifting (Chena) Cultivation and Subsequent Regeneration of Vegetation on Soil Composition and Structure”, Tropical Agriculturist, 104, Trinidad, pp. 3- 11. 49Johnston, Bruce F., 1958, The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa, Stanford. 50Kellog, Charles E., 1950, “Tropical Soils”, Transactions Fourth International Congress of Soil Science, 24 July-1 August 1950, Vol. 1, Amsterdam, pp. 266. 51Kivekas, J., 1939, “Influence of Shifting Cultivation with Burning upon some Properties of the Soil”, Commentationes Instituti Forestalls Fenniae XXVII, Helsinki. 52Lafont, Pierre-Bernard, 1958, “The Slash-and-Burn (Ray) Agricultural System of the Mountain Populations of Central Vietnam”, Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Science Congress, 1957, Vol. 7, Bangkok, pp. 56- 59. 53Leach, E. R., 1949, “Some Aspects of Dry Rice Cultivation in North Burma and British Borneo”, Advancement of Science, 6, London, pp. 26- 28. 54Leach, E. R., 1950, “ Social Science Research in Sarawak”, Colonial Research Studies, No. 1, London. 55Leach, E. R., 1957, “ Some Economic Advantages of Shifting Cultivation”, Ninth Pacific Science Congress, Abstract of Papers, Bangkok, pp. 79- 80. 56Lewis, Roy, 1954, Sierra Leone, London. 57Malcolm, D.W, 1953, Sukumaland, An African People and their Country, London. 58Masefield, G. B., 1948, “Grass Burning: Some Uganda Experience”, East African Agricultural Journal, 13, Nairobi, pp. 135- 138. 59Miller, R. W. R., 1954, “The Uplands of South-East Asia”, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI, 4 (n.s.). December, Kuching, pp. 96- 103. 60Milne, G., 1935, “Some Suggested Units of Classification and Mapping particularly for East African Soils”, Soil Research, 4, Rome, pp. 183- 198. 61Mohr, E. C. J., 1933-38, The Soils of Equatorial Regions with Special Reference to the Netherlands East Indies, Amsterdam. 62Baren van, F. A., 1954, Tropical Soils, The Hague and Bandung. 63Morgan, W. B., 1957, “Some Comments on Shifting Cultivation in Africa”, Research Notes, 9, June 1951, Department of Geography, Ibadan. 64Baren van, F. A., 1959, “Agriculture in Southern Nigeria (excluding the Cameroons)”, Economic Geography, 35, 2, Worcester, pp. 138- 150. 65Nye, P. H., 1957, “Some Prospects of Subsistence Agriculture in West Africa”, Journal of the West African Science Association, 3, 1, Feb. 1957. London, pp. 91- 95. 66Ooi, Jin-bee, 1959, “Rural Development in Tropical Areas, with special reference to Malaya”, Journal of Tropical Geography. Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, 12, March, 1959. 67Ormeling, F. J., 1957, The Timor Problem, Groningen and Jakarta. 68Paulme, D., 1954, Les Gens du Riz. Kissi de Haute - Guinee Francaise, Paris. 69Pelzer, K. J., 1945, Pioneer Settlement in the Asiatic Tropics, American Geographical Society, New York. 70Pelzer, K. J., 1958, “Land Utilization in the Humid Tropics; Agriculture”, Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Congress, 1957, Bangkok, Vol. 20, pp. 124- 143. 71Pendleton, R. J., 1950, “Agricultural and Forestry Potentialities of the Tropics”, Agronomy Journal, XLIL, 3, pp. 15- 123. 72Penman, H. L., 1940, “Meteorological and Soil Factors Affecting Evaporation from Fallow Soil”, Quarterly Journal, Royal Meterological Society, 66, 287, London, pp. 401- 410. 73Penman, H. L., 1948, “Natural Evaporation from Open Water, Bare Soil and Grass”, Proceedings Royal Society, London, 193 (a), London, pp. 120- 145. 74Penman, H. L., 1956, “Estimating Evaporation”, Transactions American Geographical Union, 37, Washington, pp. 43- 50. 75Peters, D. U., 1950, “ Land Usage in Serenje District”, Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, No. 19, London. 76Pfeifer, G., 1956, “ The Quality of Peasant Living in Central Europe”, Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, William I. Thomas, Chicago, p. 240- 277. 77Prescott, J. A.Pendleton. R. L, 1952, “Laterite and Lateritic Soils”, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils Science, Technical Communication, 47, Farn-ham Royal, Bucks. 78Redfield, Robert, 1955, The Little Community, Viewpoints for the study of a Human Whole, Chicago. 79RichardsAudrey, L., 1939, Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia, An Economic Study of the Bemha Tribe, London. 80Richards, P. W., 1952, The Tropical Rain Forest, An Ecological Study, Cambridge. 81Roth, H. Ling., 1896, Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo, New York. 82Sauer, Carl O., 1952, Agricultural Origins and Dispersals, New York. 83Sauer, Carl O., 1956, “ The Agency of Man on Earth”, Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, I. William Thomas, Chicago, pp. 49- 69. 84SchlippePierre de, ., 1956, Shifting Cultivation in Africa, The Zande System of Agriculture, London. 85ScottWilliam, H., 1958, “A Preliminary Report on Upland Rice in Northern Luzon”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 14, 1, Spring 1958, Albuquerque, pp. 87- 105. 86Soma, M., 1959, “ The Cultivation of Mitsumata on Shifting Fields in Shikoku”, Proceedings of I.G.U. Regional Conference in Japan, 1957, Tokyo, pp. 470- 477. 87Spencer, J. E., 1949, “Land Use in the Upland Philippines”, The Development of Upland Areas in the Far East, Institute of Pacific Relations, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, New York, pp. 26- 57. 88Steward Julian, H., 1955, Theory of Culture Change, Urbana, Ill. 89Tansley, A. G. and Chipp, T. F., 1926, Aims and Methods in the Study of Vegetation, London. 90Taylor, Gordon D., 1953, “Some Crop Distributions by Tribes in Upland Southeast Asia”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 9, 3, Autumn 1953, Albuquerque, pp. 296- 308. 91Terra, G. J. A., 1953, “Some Sociological Aspects of Agriculture in Southeast Asia”, Indonesië, VI, 4, pp. 297- 316; 5. The Hague, pp. 439ë463. 92Thurnwald, R., 1932, Economics in Primitive Communities, London. 93Tondeur, G., 1955, “Shifting Cultivation in the Belgian Congo”, Unasylva, Washington, 9, 2, June 1955. 94Tothill, J. D., 1940, Agriculture in Uganda, London. 95Von Steenis, C. G. G. T., 1958, “Tropical Lowland Vegetation: The Characteristics of its Types and their Relation to Climate”, Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Science Congress, Vol. 20, 1957, Bangkok, pp. 25- 37. 96Watters, R. F., 1958, “Cultivation in Old Samoa”, Economic Geography, 34, 4, Oct. 1958. Worcester, pp. 338- 351. 97Watters, R. F..1958, “ Culture and Environment in Old Samoa”, Western Pacific Department of Geography, Victoria University of Wellington, pp. 41- 70. 98Watters, R. F., (in press). “ Some Forms of Shifting Cultivation in the Southwest Pacific”, Journal of Tropical Geography, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. 99Whittlesey, Derwent, 1937, “Shifting Cultivation”, Economic Geography, 13, 1, Worcester, pp. 35- 52. 100Wright, A. C. S., (in press). Soil Survey of Samoa, Soil Bureau, Wellington. 101Wright, A. C. S. and Twyford, I. T., 1957, “Soil Development, Shifting Cultivation and Permanent Agriculture in the Humid Tropics”, Fijian Agricultural Journal, 28, 3 and 4, Dec. 1957, Suva, pp. 56- 61. 102Wright, A. C. S., Twyford, I. T., (in press). “ The Soil Resources of the Fiji Islands”, Government Printer, Suva. Citing Literature Volume1, Issue1March 1960Pages 59-99 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)