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Colletotrichum plurivorum , the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Fruit Rot of Papaya in Taiwan

2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-08-18-1423-pdn

1943-7692

Y. C. Sun, Ulrike Damm, Chien‐Jui Huang,

Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 5Colletotrichum plurivorum, the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Fruit Rot of Papaya in Taiwan PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseColletotrichum plurivorum, the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Fruit Rot of Papaya in TaiwanY. C. Sun, U. Damm, and C. J. HuangY. C. SunDepartment of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China; and , U. DammSenckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany, and C. J. Huang†Corresponding author: C. J. Huang; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-6439Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China; and AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Y. C. Sun1 U. Damm2 C. J. Huang1 † 1Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China; and 2Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany Published Online:11 Mar 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-18-1423-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Papaya (Carica papaya), a tropical fruit, is an economically important crop in Taiwan that is mainly cultivated in southern Taiwan. Anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. is the main postharvest problem of papaya in many countries, including Taiwan. However, not much is known about this disease in Taiwan. Papaya fruits cultivar Tainung No. 2 with anthracnose symptoms of dark brown sunken necrotic lesions were collected from local markets in Dounan, Yunlin County, Taiwan, in 2017. To isolate the pathogen, diseased fruits were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 1 min, rinsed in sterile water, and air dried. Surface-sterilized pieces of fruit were placed on water agar and incubated at 25°C. While fungi grew out of the tissues, fungal hyphal tips were transferred on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25°C. A fungus was isolated from symptomatic fruit, and three representative isolates, PC1, PC2, and PC3, were obtained. The isolates formed gray to greyish black colonies with white aerial mycelia on PDA. The conidia were aseptate, hyaline, straight or slightly curved and obtuse at the ends, and measured 9.3 ± 2.9 (13.5 to 29) × 6.4 ± 0.7 (4.5 to 8.5) µm. The morphological characteristics of the isolates matched those of the genus Colletotrichum (Marin-Felix et al. 2017). The isolates were further identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and partial sequences of the actin (ACT), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes (Cannon et al. 2012; Damm et al. 2019). The sequences of isolates PC1 and PC2 were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MH285857 to MH285860, MH285863 to MH285864, MH624122 to MH624123, and MH633475 to MH633476. In BLASTn searches in NCBI GenBank, the ITS sequences of the Colletotrichum isolates from papaya showed 100% identity with C. plurivorum CBS 125474T (MG600718). The CHS-1, GAPDH, and TUB2 sequences of the isolates shared 100, 99.5, and 99.3% identity, respectively, with those of C. plurivorum CBS 125474T (MG600841, MG600781, and MG600985). The ACT sequences shared 99.1 to 99.5 and 98.7 to 99.1% identity with those of C. cliviicola CBS 125375T (MG600939) and C. plurivorum CBS 125474T (MG600925), respectively, both belonging to the C. orchidearum species complex. Multilocus sequence analysis of five concatenated loci (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT, and TUB2) of the Taiwanese isolates and reference sequences of this species complex from phylogenetic studies of Colletotrichum species (Cannon et al. 2012; Damm et al. 2019) retrieved from GenBank was conducted using MEGA7 software (Kumar et al. 2016). The three isolates clustered with C. plurivorum strains, supporting that the papaya isolates are C. plurivorum. The isolate PC1 was deposited in Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan, as BCRC FU31114. Surface-sterilized papaya fruits were wounded with a sterile needle and inoculated with mycelial discs (5-mm diameter). For each isolate, nine papaya fruits were inoculated, and PDA discs without fungal growth were used as a control. The inoculated fruits were kept in a moist plastic chamber (>90% relative humidity) at 25°C. Three days postinoculation, dark brown, sunken necrotic lesions were observed on the papaya fruits, which were indistinguishable from those observed on naturally infected fruits. The control remained symptomless. The same fungus could be successfully reisolated from the inoculated fruits, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Although C. plurivorum was previously found on papaya in Japan (MAFF 238697; Damm et al. 2019; Moriwaki et al. 2002), its pathogenicity was not tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming C. plurivorum as the causal agent of anthracnose fruit rot of papaya worldwide and the first report of this disease in Taiwan.References:Cannon, P. F., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:181. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0014 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDamm, U., et al. 2019. Stud. Mycol. 92:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarKumar, S., et al. 2016. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33:1870. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMarin-Felix, Y., et al. 2017. Stud. Mycol. 86:99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMoriwaki, J., et al. 2002. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 68:307. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013096 Crossref, Google ScholarFunding: This work was financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST, grant number 106-2311-B-415-001).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 5 May 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionTomato leaves infected with Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (Olmedo-Velarde, Roy, Belanger, Watanabe, Hamasaki, Mavrodieva, Nakhla, and Melzer). Photo credit: M. J. 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Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 May 2019Published: 11 Mar 2019First Look: 10 Jan 2019Accepted: 9 Jan 2019 Page: 1040 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanGrant/Award Number: 106-2311-B-415-001Cited byIdentification, Pathogenicity, and Sensitivity to Fungicide of Colletotrichum Species That Causes Walnut Anthracnose in Beijing10 January 2023 | Agronomy, Vol. 13, No. 1Plant extracts for management of postharvest fungal rot of Carica papaya L.Acta Horticulturae, Vol. 9, No. 1348Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum plurivorumEFSA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 11First detection of Colletotrichum fructicola (Ascomycota) on horsehair worms (Nematomorpha)23 September 2021 | Biodiversity Data Journal, Vol. 9Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status29 September 2021 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 110, No. 1Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review30 March 2021 | Agriculture, Vol. 11, No. 4Colletotrichum plurivorum causes anthracnose on okra in Brazil17 July 2020 | Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 102, No. 4Identification, Virulence and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.s. 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