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The patent office: Its history, activities, and organization

1924; Elsevier BV; Volume: 197; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0016-0032(24)90681-8

1879-2693

Henry Leffmann,

Intellectual Property and Patents

This chapter focuses on the Unicode system, which aims to allow computer display of all the written languages on Earth. The work on this system began in 1987 as an extension of 8-bit ASCII to allow representation of the European languages using Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets. The Unicode 5.1 standard is currently used and it is available in print and on Web sites. The standard defines the abstract idea of a character, the encoding in binary or hexadecimal, and the display of the character. Writing systems that use a sequence of characters can be classified as an alphabet, alphasyllabary (abugida), syllabary, or logograms (hieroglyphics). In an alphabet, each character has a phonetic value and a sequence of symbols form a word. In an alphasyllabary, each symbol is built from a base symbol, usually a consonant, with vowel sound symbols added to it. A syllabary uses symbols that represent syllables and consonant-vowel combinations with single symbols. Logograms are unique symbols that are used for concepts rather than phonetics.