Chemical Structure
2008; American Chemical Society; Linguagem: Romeno
10.1002/9783527627233.ch2
ISSN1520-5835
Autores Tópico(s)Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
ResumoChapter 2 Chemical Structure Hans-Georg Elias, Hans-Georg EliasSearch for more papers by this author Hans-Georg Elias, Hans-Georg EliasSearch for more papers by this author Hans-Georg Elias, Hans-Georg EliasSearch for more papers by this author Book Author(s):Hans-Georg Elias, Hans-Georg EliasSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 March 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527627233.ch2 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary Macromolecules are large molecules consisting of hundreds to millions of atoms. They are produced from monomers by polymerizations which connect many monomer molecules by chemical bonds. Monomeric units are strung together linearly to linear chains or non-linearly to branched and crosslinked polymers. Isomers are molecules of identical chemical composition differ in the arrangement of atoms. Chemical configurational statistics describes the statistical sequence of configurations around central atoms or multiple bonds. The molar mass is a physical quantity that is obtained by almost all physical "molecular weight" methods such as membrane osmometry, analytical ultra-centrifugation and static light scattering, etc. Distribution functions of properties of polymers are normalized mathematical functions that describe the variation of property values with molar mass or molecular weight. Literature to Chapter 2 2.0.0 NOMENCLATURE Google Scholar IUPAC, Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature, Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, Blackwell, London 1991 ("Purple Book") Google Scholar IUPAC, Commission of Macromolecular Nomenclature, Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science (IUPAC Recommendations 1996), Pure Appl. Chem. 68/12 (1996) 2287 Google Scholar 2.0.1 GENERAL ANALYTICAL METHODS Google Scholar L.S. Bark, N.S. Allen, Eds., Analysis of Polymer Systems, Appl.Sci.Publ., Barking, Essex 1982 Google Scholar J. Mitchell, Ed., Applied Polymer Analysis and Characterization, Hanser, Munich 1987 Google Scholar T.R. Crompton, Analysis of Polymers, Pergamon, Oxford 1989 Google Scholar J.R. White, D. Campbell, Polymer Characterization. Physical Techniques, Chapman & Hall, New York 1989 Google Scholar G. Allen, J.C. Bevington, Eds., Comprehensive Polymer Science; C. Booth, C. Price, Eds., Vol. 1, Polymer Characterization, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1989 Google Scholar J.I. Kroschwitz, Ed., Polymers: Characterization and Analysis, Wiley, New York 1990 (reprints of entries in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering) Google Scholar H.G. Barth, M.I. James, Eds., Polymer Characterisation, Blackie Academic, Glasgow 1993 Google Scholar J.L. Koenig, Spectroscopy of Polymers, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2nd ed. 2000 Google Scholar 2.1 CONSTITUTION and 2.2 CHEMICAL CONFIGURATION, for older literature see Volume I Google Scholar G.R. Newkome, C.N. Moorefield, F.Vögtle, Dendritic Molecules. Concepts, Syntheses, Perspectives, VCH, Weinheim 1996 10.1002/9783527614875 Google Scholar P.R. Dvornic, D.A. Tomalia, Recent Advances in Dendritic Polymers, Curr.Opin.Colloid Interface Sci. 1 (1996) 221 10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80008-2 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar L.H. Sperling, S.C. Kim, Eds., IPNs Around the World, Wiley, New York 1997 Google Scholar R.F.T. Stepto, Ed., Polymer Networks - Principles of Their Formation, Structure, and Properties, Blackie Academic, Glasgow 1997 Google Scholar J.A. Semlyen, Ed., Large Ring Molecules, Wiley, New York 1997 Google Scholar O.A. Matthews, A.N. Shipway, J.F. Stoddart, Dendrimers–Branching out from Curiosities into New Technologies, Progr.Polym.Sci. 23 (1998) 1 10.1016/S0079-6700(97)00025-7 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar M.K. Mishra, S. Kobayashi, Star and Hyperbranched Polymers, Dekker, New York 1999 Google Scholar A.D. Schlüter, J.P. Rabe, Dendronized Polymers, Angew.Chem. 112 (2000) 860; Angew.Chem.Int. Ed.Engl. 39 (2000) 864 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3757(20000303)112:5 3.0.CO;2-H Google Scholar A. Ciferri, Ed., Supramolecular Polymers, Dekker, New York 2000 10.1201/9780824746438 Google Scholar G.R. Newkome, C.N. Moorefield, F. Vögtle, Dendrimers and Dendrons. Concepts, Syntheses, Applications, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001 10.1002/3527600612 Google Scholar R.D. Archer, Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, Wiley, New York 2001 10.1002/0471224456 Google Scholar J.M.J. Fréchet, D.A. Tomalia, Eds., Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers, Wiley, New York 2002 Google Scholar N. Hadjichristidis, S. Pispas, G.A. Floudas, Block Copolymers, Wiley, New York 2003 Google Scholar J.L. Atwood, J.W. Steed, Eds., Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dekker, New York 2004 10.1081/E-ESMC Google Scholar R.C. Advincula, W.J. Brittain, K.C. Kaster, J. Rühe, Polymer Brushes, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005 10.1002/3527603824 Google Scholar 2.3.a AVERAGES AND MOMENTS Google Scholar H.-G. Elias, R. Bareiss, J.G. Watterson, Mittelwerte des Molekulargewichtes und anderer Eigenschaften, Adv.Polym.Sci.-Fortschr.Hochpolym.Forschg. 11 (1973) 111 (=averages of molecular weights and other properties) 10.1007/3-540-06054-5_12 CASGoogle Scholar H.-G. Elias, Polymolecularity and Polydispersity in Molecular Weight Determinations, Pure Appl. Chem. 43/1-2 (1975) 115 10.1351/pac197543010115 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar R.E. Bareiss, Polymolecularity Correction Factors, in J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, E.A. Grulke, Eds., Polymer Handbook, Wiley, New York, 4th ed. 1999 Google Scholar 2.3.b DETERMINATION OF MOLAR MASSES (general literature; for special methods, see relevant sections) Google Scholar R.U. Bonner, M. Dimbat, F.H. Stross, Number Average Molecular Weights, Interscience, New York 1958 Google Scholar D.V. Quayle, Molecular Weight Determination of Polymers by Electron Microscopy, Brit.Polym.J. 1 (1969) 15 10.1002/pi.4980010103 CASGoogle Scholar S.R. Rafikov, S. Pavlova, I.I. Tverdokhlebova, Determination of Molecular Weights and Polydispersity of High Polymers, Acad.Science USSR, Moscow 1963; Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem 1964 Google Scholar P.E. Slade, Jr., Polymer Molecular Weights, Dekker, New York 1975 ( 2 Vols.) Google Scholar N.C. Billingham, Molar Mass Measurements in Polymer Science, Halsted Press, New York 1977 Google Scholar A.R. Cooper, Ed., Determination of Molecular Weight, Wiley 1990 Google Scholar S.R. Holding, E. Meehan, Molecular Weight Characterization of Synthetic Polymers (RAPRA Review Report), Plastics Design Library, Norwich (NY) 1997 Google Scholar 2.4 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS Google Scholar J. Aitchison, J.A.C. Brown, The Lognormal Distribution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1969 CASGoogle Scholar L.H. Peebles, Molecular Weight Distributions in Polymers, Interscience, New York 1971 Google Scholar Reference to Chapter 2 Google Scholar J.G. Watterson, H.-G. Elias, J.Macromol.Sci.-Chem. A 5 (1971) 459 10.1080/00222337108069392 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Macromolecules: Volume 3: Physical Structures and Properties ReferencesRelatedInformation
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