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First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Canker and Dieback of Common Fig in Korea

2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-09-18-1613-pdn

1943-7692

Yunhee Seo, Chang–Gi Back, M.-J. Park, J.-H. Park,

Nematode management and characterization studies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 5First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Canker and Dieback of Common Fig in Korea PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Canker and Dieback of Common Fig in KoreaY. Seo, C.-G. Back, M.-J. Park, and J.-H. ParkY. Seohttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-2974Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea, C.-G. BackHorticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea, M.-J. ParkHorticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea, and J.-H. ParkHorticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, KoreaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Y. Seo C.-G. Back M.-J. Park J.-H. Park † Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea Published Online:26 Feb 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1613-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Belonging to Moraceae family, the common fig (Ficus carica L.) is one of the most economically important fruit trees. In Korea, its cultivation area is 698.9 ha, producing 8,195.3 metric tons annually. Fig is produced both in the open field and in the greenhouse. Owing to flavor and weather, fig is cultivated in greenhouses in the counties of Yeongam (34°45′57.4″N, 126°28′12.5″E) and Haenam (34°20′32.6″N, 126°35′39.1″E). Between May and August 2018, approximately 40 to 70% of the branches and trunks of figs grown in greenhouses were affected by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The initial symptoms included branch dieback, trunk canker, and black spots (from 1 to 10 cm in diameter) on the vascular tissue. Subsequently, pycnidia with black conidia were produced on the infected tissues as the disease progressed. Symptomatic plant tissues were cut into 1-cm pieces, surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1min followed by 70% ethanol for 1 min, rinsed twice in sterilized distilled water, dried, and placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) (1 ml of lactic acid per liter of medium) plates. Ten single isolates were hyphal-tip purified on PDA plates. Developed colonies were greyish-black to black with dense aerial mycelium, and they produced pycnidia after 30 days of incubation. The paraphyses in the pycnidia were hyaline and septate. The conidia (n = 200) were initially hyaline and aseptate, later becoming dark-brown and one-septate, apex broadly rounded, tapering to truncate base, thick-walled and measured 25.9 ± 2.2 × 12.0 ± 1.5 µm in size (on average). The conidiogenous cells were hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical, and short. After extracting the DNA, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the translation elongation factor (TEF-1a) were amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF1-688F/EF1-1251R (Alves et al. 2008; White et al. 1990). The ITS region (MH718809, MH820123) and the TEF-1a gene (MH885311, MH935828) showed 100% similarity to MH789983, KX871229, and MF580814, respectively. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by inoculating six healthy twigs (surface sterilized with 70% ethanol) of 4-year-old fig (cv. Musui Dauphine) trees, obtained from Yeongam Agricultural Technology Center. A 5-mm-diameter mycelial plug was placed on three twigs and was covered with wet cotton. Three twigs inoculated with noninoculated PDA served as controls. Trees were maintained in a greenhouse with temperatures ranging from 20 to 28°C and 80% relative humidity. After 2 weeks of incubation, typical symptoms of canker and dieback developed on all the inoculated plants. Symptoms were similar to those originally observed in the greenhouses. No symptoms of disease developed in any of the control twigs. The experiment was repeated three times, and L. theobromae was reisolated each time from the infected twigs, thus validating the Koch's postulates. This pathogen was previously reported on fig in Turkey (Çeliker and Michailides 2012), but this is the first report of trunk and twig dieback caused by L. theobromae on greenhouse-grown fig in Korea.References:Alves, A., et al. 2008. Fungal Divers. 28:1. ISI, Google ScholarÇeliker, N. M., and Michailides, T. J. 2012. New Dis. Rep. 25:12. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.012 Crossref, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by Rural Development Administration (grant no. PJ011368022018).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 5 May 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionTomato leaves infected with Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (Olmedo-Velarde, Roy, Belanger, Watanabe, Hamasaki, Mavrodieva, Nakhla, and Melzer). Photo credit: M. J. Melzer. Spinach plants with downy mildew symptoms caused by Peronospora effusa (Kandel, Mou, Shishkoff, Shi, Subbarao, and Klosterman). Photo credit: S. L. Kandel. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 May 2019Published: 26 Feb 2019Accepted: 26 Nov 2018 Pages: 1023-1023 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingRural Development AdministrationGrant/Award Number: PJ011368022018Cited byCharacterization of Lasiodiplodia species causing leaf blight, stem rot and fruit rot of fig ( Ficus carica ) in Malaysia17 May 2022 | Plant Pathology, Vol. 71, No. 7First report of fig tree dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Tunisia27 May 2022 | Journal of Phytopathology, Vol. 170, No. 7-8Lasiodiplodia fici sp. nov., Causing Leaf Spot on Ficus altissima in China27 July 2022 | Pathogens, Vol. 11, No. 8Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia pod rot of cocoa)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumBioprospecting for secondary metabolites of family Botryosphaeriaceae from a biotechnological perspective