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The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (9th edition)

2017; Wiley; Volume: 160; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/ibi.12536

1474-919X

Christopher McInerny, Andrew J. Musgrove, Andrew Stoddart, Andrew Harrop, Steve Dudley,

Insects and Parasite Interactions

This, the 9th edition of the Checklist of the Birds of Britain, referred to throughout as the British List, has been prepared as a statement of the status of those species and subspecies known to have occurred in Britain and its coastal waters (Fig. 1). It incorporates all the changes to the British List up to and including the 48th Report of the British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC) (BOU 2018), and detailed in BOURC reports published in Ibis since the publication of the 8th edition of the British List (BOU 2013a). This 9th edition replaces The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (8th edition) (BOU 2013a). A downloadable excel version of the 9th edition of the British List can be found at https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/. The British List is the systematic list of bird species and subspecies that have occurred in Britain and its coastal waters (Fig. 1); it is maintained by the British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) through its Records Committee. The Republic of Ireland List, the Northern Ireland List, and the Manx List are maintained by their respective organizations. Decisions by the Manx Ornithological Society for the Isle of Man will continue to be published in Ibis within BOURC reports. However, decisions of the Northern Ireland Birdwatchers' Association and the Irish Rare Birds Committee are no longer published within BOURC reports. The British List is under continuous revision by BOURC. New species and subspecies are either added or removed, following assessment; these are updated on the BOU website (https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/recent-announcements/) at the time of the change, but only come into effect on the List on publication in a BOURC report in Ibis. A list of the species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 8th edition is shown in Appendix 1. In 2017, following a detailed review by BOURC (BOU 2017b), BOU announced that it would adopt, from 1 January 2018, the International Ornithological Union's (IOU) IOC World Bird List (Gill & Donsker 2017) for all its taxonomic needs, including the British List. The taxonomy and sequence of species in this 9th edition of the British List is the first version of the British List to follow the IOC World Bird List, using version 7.3, which was current at the time of going to press. Major moves to create standard internationally recognized English names of birds date back to 1978 when the Royal Australian Ornithologists' Union (now BirdLife Australia) first addressed the subject, followed by the American Ornithologists' Union (now American Ornithological Society) in 1983, with BOURC joining the process in 1985 (Atkin et al. 1988, BOU 1992b, Inskipp & Sharrock 1992). It was taken up in 1990 by the then International Ornithological Congress (IOC; now the IOU) who brought together ornithologists from all regions to help deliver the first standard list of international English bird names. This culminated in 2006 with the publication of Birds of the World: recommended English names (Gill & Wright 2006). Updates to this title have since been posted on the IOC World Bird List website at http://www.worldbirdnames.org (Gill & Donsker 2017). Extensive changes to names can be disruptive, especially when many of the established vernacular names have historical and cultural associations. Thus, to assist both the acceptance and use of the new proposed international names, the British List has, since the sixth edition, used the new international English names in bold and, where they differed, vernacular names (BOU 1992, BOU 2006, 2007b). In the 8th and this 9th editions we have maintained the policy, though for taxonomic and other reasons the vernacular name is listed first in bold, followed by the international English name, when different (BOU 2013a). The international English names used here are those in version 7.3 of the IOC World Bird List (Gill & Donsker 2017). Vernacular English names are considered by BOURC when changes in taxonomy occur with these published in BOURC reports in Ibis. Each species is categorized, depending on the criteria for its admission to the British List, and the Category (A, B or C) appears to the right of the English name. Species in Categories D, E and F do not form part of the British List. Where species in Categories A, B or C are known to have also occurred as escapes, this is indicated in the systematic list by also being shown in Category E. The categories are defined as follows: A species is usually placed in only one category. Some are placed in multiple categories, such as, for example, those species occurring in Category A which now also have naturalized populations (e.g. Red Kite) that match Category C criteria. To better manage Category C, BOU and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) held a conference on naturalized and introduced birds in Britain (Holmes & Simons 1996). This led to a review of the process of establishment of such species and the terms that best describe their status (Holmes & Stroud 1995), as well as a major review of the categorisation of species on the British List (Holmes et al. 1998). Further reviews of the categories have occurred since and these are summarized in the BOURC 31st Report (BOU 2005). A further review of Category C category definitions was carried out as part of a thorough review of Category C species for the 7th edition of the British List (Dudley 2005), which further re-defined existing categories and introduced a new subcategory C6 (see above). The British List comprises only those species in Categories A, B and C. Note that Category B used to refer to records up to 31 December 1957 but, to accord with European practice, now refers to records up to 31 December 1949. Abbreviated codes are given for the status of each subspecies on the List: Some of the codes are generalizations. For example, many forms listed as WM may occasionally be found in summer. RB and MB together imply that the species is a partial migrant in which a proportion of the population leaves Britain in winter. CB includes those where there are fewer than 10 breeding attempts each year. HB was introduced to denote those species which have been recorded breeding with another closely related species (e.g. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps with Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis). HB does not attempt to cover all species which have formed hybrid pairings. NB is included to denote species with self-sustaining naturalized populations. V is reserved for rare taxa. Descriptions are required of records for these species and some of the rarer subspecies by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) (denoted by † within the systematic list) to be considered for inclusion in British totals; descriptions are also required by BBRC for all species in Category D. For each rare species and, where possible, subspecies, the number of birds that have occurred is noted where the total is fewer than 100. This information is based on data up to 31 December 2015 provided by BBRC (2017). Details of the first British record of rare species are given in those cases where there is an identifiable first. If there is an extant specimen, its current location is given, with the museum or institution accession number. BOURC would welcome further information on the location of specimens of British firsts that have not been listed here. The number of species recorded in Britain, within each category, is as follows: As stated, species in Categories D, E and F do not form part of the British List. In addition, there have been records not identified to species level which are not included in the systematic list, and so do not form part of the species totals. These include: White-bellied Storm Petrel or Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta grallaria/tropica; the Madeiran/Monteiro's/Cape Verde Storm Petrel group Oceanodroma castro/monteiroi/jabejabe; the Zino's/Fea's/Desertas Petrel group Pterodroma madeira/feae/deserta; and South Polar Skua or Brown Skua Stercorarius maccormicki/antarcticus. The records for these are listed in Appendix 3. A list of the species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 8th edition is shown in Appendix 1. The taxonomy of the systematic list follows version 7.3 of the IOC World Bird List (Gill & Donsker 2017). Changes since the publication of the 7th and 8th editions of the British List (BOU 2006, 2013a) have been detailed in the 34th to 48th BOURC reports, the full citations for which are listed in the references. Superscript notation 1–15 has been used to direct the reader to the 34th to 48th BOURC reports, respectively. †Indicates rare species and subspecies for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in British totals. A downloadable excel version of the systematic list can be found at https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/. We thank Ian Andrews for making the map in Fig. 1. Many people assist BOURC in its work and we would like to thank the following for their input into making this checklist: Ron Forrester (SBRC), Jodie Henshaw (Mansfield Museum), Chas Holt (BBRC Secretary, from 2017), Sue Hostick (Grosvenor Museum, Chester), Nigel Hudson (BBRC Secretary, to 2017), Sarah King (York Museums Trust), Amanda Martin (Isles of Scilly Museum), Bob McGowan (National Museums Scotland), Luanne Meehitiya (Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery), Allen Moore (Manx Ornithological Society), Elizabeth Montgomery (Grosvenor Museum, Chester), Holly Morgenroth (Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter), Neil Morris (Manx BirdLife), Lynda Pearce (Dover Museum), Janet Thompson (Manx Ornithological Society), Hein Van Grouw (Natural History Museum, Tring). BOURC members (in addition to listed authors) who served on the Committee while this update was being produced were: Dawn Balmer, Andy Brown, Martin Collinson (Chairman 2010–2016), Paul French (BBRC representative, from 2015), James Gilroy, Alex Lees, Richard Millington, Adam Rowlands (BBRC representative, to 2015), Jimmy Steele. Species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 8th edition; in many cases this is because they are no longer valid in the taxonomy of the IOC World Bird List (Gill & Donsker 2017). Pintail Anas acuta acuta Linnaeus15 Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris melanophris (Temminck)15 Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos chlororhynchos (J.F. Gmelin)15 Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae (Salvadori)15 Fea's Petrel and Desertas Petrel Pterodroma deserta Mathews are now treated as separate species, whereas before they were considered subspecies of P. feae. As none of the six British records separated P. feae from P. deserta, P. feae is removed from the British List. Furthermore, at least another 58 records of P. feae were not distinguished from Zino's Petrel Pterodroma madeira Mathews and so have also not been assigned to species. Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata hasitata (Kuhl)15 Barolo Shearwater Puffinus baroli baroli (Bonaparte)15 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus (Linnaeus)15 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linnaeus)15 Crane Grus grus grus (Linnaeus)15 Goshawk Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (A. Wilson)8,11,12 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus)15 Hudsonian Whimbrel Numenius hudsonicus Latham15 Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris (Vieillot)9 American Herring Gull Larus smithsonianus smithsonianus Coues15 Lesser Crested Tern Thalasseus bengalensis torresii Gould15 Little Tern Sternula antillarum antillarum (R. Lesson), athalassos (Burleigh & Lowery) or browni (Mearns)15 Great Skua Stercorarius skua skua (Brünnich)15 Daurian Shrike Lanius isabellinus phoenicuroides (Schalow)15 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio collurio Linnaeus15 Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis Temminck15 Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus)15 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus europaeus (Hermann)9 Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita fulvescens (Severtzov)15 Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides plumbeitarsus Swinhoe15 Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia mongolica Sushkin15 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros xerophilus Stegmann10 Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus variegatus (S.G. Gmelin)15 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti atrogularis (Blyth)15 Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava tschutschensis J.F. Gmelin, macronyx (Stresemann) or taivana (Swinhoe)15 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris campestris (Linnaeus)15 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis pratensis (Linnaeus)15 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis whistleri Clancey15 Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica rustica Pallas15 Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis oblitus (Peters & Griscom)15 Species in Category D would otherwise appear in Category A, except that there is reasonable doubt that they have occurred in Britain in a natural state. Species placed only in Category D form no part of the British List, and are not included in the species totals. Category D is a holding category and is not intended to be a long-term assignment of any species. The species are reviewed periodically with a view to assign them to either Category A or Category E. † Indicates species for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in Categories A–C of the British List. Category D species are also listed on the BOU website at https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/category-d-species/. These species form no part of the British List. Included here are records that were not identified to species level, which are not included in the systematic list of the British List, and so do not form part of the species totals. †Indicates species for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in Categories A–C of the British List. These species form no part of the British List. The following list includes cited items and other articles relevant to the British List. The superscript numbered items 1–15 refer to BOURC reports published since the 7th and 8th editions of the British List (BOU 2006, BOU 2013a), which are cited both within the systematic list and in the appendices.