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Translating Marine Animal Tracking Data into Conservation Policy and Management

2019; Elsevier BV; Volume: 34; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.009

1872-8383

Graeme C. Hays, Helen Bailey, Steven J. Bograd, W. Don Bowen, Claudio Campagna, Ruth H. Carmichael, Paolo Casale, André Chiaradia, Daniel P. Costa, Eduardo Cuevas, P J Nico de Bruyn, Maria P. Dias, Carlos M. Duarte, Daniel C. Dunn, Peter H. Dutton, Nicole Esteban, Ari S. Friedlaender, Kimberly T. Goetz, Brendan J. Godley, Patrick N. Halpin, Mark Hamann, Neil Hammerschlag, Robert Harcourt, Autumn‐Lynn Harrison, Elliott L. Hazen, Michelle R. Heupel, Erich Hoyt, Nicolas E. Humphries, Connie Y. Kot, James S. E. Lea, Helene Marsh, Sara M. Maxwell, Clive R. McMahon, Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Daniel M. Palacios, Richard A. Phillips, David Righton, Gail Schofield, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, David Sims, Akinori Takahashi, Michael J. Tetley, Michele Thums, Philip N. Trathan, Stella Villegas‐Amtmann, Randall S. Wells, Scott D. Whiting, Natalie Wildermann, Ana M. M. Sequeira,

Turtle Biology and Conservation

The value of animal tracking data to inform policy is illustrated by case studies from around the world and with a broad range of taxa. Application of tracking data to policy and management can take various pathways, and engagement with stakeholders might often not be made by the original data collectors. The impact of tracking data on policy and management can be improved if data collection and analyses target specific needs for management outcomes. Early engagement among the data collectors and the stakeholders involved in policy development and implementation is important to help translate tracking data into conservation outcomes. There have been efforts around the globe to track individuals of many marine species and assess their movements and distribution, with the putative goal of supporting their conservation and management. Determining whether, and how, tracking data have been successfully applied to address real-world conservation issues is, however, difficult. Here, we compile a broad range of case studies from diverse marine taxa to show how tracking data have helped inform conservation policy and management, including reductions in fisheries bycatch and vessel strikes, and the design and administration of marine protected areas and important habitats. Using these examples, we highlight pathways through which the past and future investment in collecting animal tracking data might be better used to achieve tangible conservation benefits. There have been efforts around the globe to track individuals of many marine species and assess their movements and distribution, with the putative goal of supporting their conservation and management. Determining whether, and how, tracking data have been successfully applied to address real-world conservation issues is, however, difficult. Here, we compile a broad range of case studies from diverse marine taxa to show how tracking data have helped inform conservation policy and management, including reductions in fisheries bycatch and vessel strikes, and the design and administration of marine protected areas and important habitats. Using these examples, we highlight pathways through which the past and future investment in collecting animal tracking data might be better used to achieve tangible conservation benefits. treaty (ratified in 2004) that seeks to conserve albatrosses and petrels by coordinating international activity to mitigate known terrestrial and marine threats to their populations. treaty (effective at the end of 1993) recognizing conservation of biodiversity (ecosystems, species, and genes) as 'a common concern of human kind' and aiming at developing strategies for its conservation and sustainable use. It advocates the use of the precautionary principle, whereby measures to minimize threats to biodiversity should take place despite lack of full scientific certainty. part of the Antarctic Treaty System (established in 1982) aiming at preserving marine life and environment in, and around, Antarctica. Composed by 24 countries and the European Union as Members States, the Commission is based in Tasmania, Australia. CCAMLR recently declared the world's largest marine park in the Ross Sea. international agreement, adopted in 1963 and entering into force on 1 July 1975, providing a framework for parties to protect endangered fauna and flora and ensure that international trade of specimens does not pose a threat to their survival. treaty under the United Nations Environment Programme aiming at conserving migratory species, their habitats, and migratory paths. The Convention lays the legal foundation for coordinated conservation measures between parties through which migratory animals pass, using a range of accords between parties (from memoranda of understanding to legally binding agreements). areas identified as important for the healthy functioning of the oceans and the services they provide (based on the scientific criteria adopted by the CBD EBSA) to inform marine spatial planning. EBSAs are defined in the CBD as 'geographically or oceanographically discrete areas that provide important services to one or more species and/or populations of an ecosystem or to the ecosystem as a whole, compared to other surrounding areas or areas of similar ecological characteristics, or otherwise meet the criteria'. defined in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act as 'those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity'. They represent areas where US fishery management councils need to ensure minimal impacts from fisheries and where actions for conservation are encouraged. defined by BirdLife International as areas of international significance for birds and other biodiversity, to be identified through robust, standardized criteria, which are amenable to practical conservation actions and can be recognized world-wide as tools to assist conservation. Together these areas are to form an integrated network for conservation. an advisory, expert-based, classification of discrete habitats that are important for marine mammal species and that have the potential to be delineated and managed for conservation. IMMAs aim to do for marine mammals and associated biodiversity what IBAs have done for birds over the past few decades. intergovernmental, multidisciplinary science organization with headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark, focusing on the development of marine research in the North Atlantic (including the adjacent Baltic Sea and North Sea) and on providing scientific advice to member nations. marine areas where human activities are restricted for biodiversity conservation and protection of the marine natural resources. Levels of protection vary and can include reduction or full prohibition of extractive activities (fishing and mining), as in 'marine reserves', or reduction and limitations in development, scientific research, and tourism ('marine parks'). federal agency in the USA that manages fisheries sustainability and is responsible for the marine resources in the exclusive economic zone of the USA. NMFS is a division of NOAA, and is also known as NOAA Fisheries. scientific agency formed in the 1970s as part of the US Department of Commerce to guide the use and protection of the ocean and coastal resources, monitor the oceanic environment and atmosphere, and do research in the areas of ecosystems, climate, weather and water, and commerce and transportation.