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RESEARCH ON THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF NATIONAL INDOOR GENERAL STADIUM FOR TOKYO OLYMPICS

2019; Architectural Institute of Japan; Volume: 84; Issue: 757 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3130/aija.84.643

1881-8161

Saikaku TOYOKAWA,

This research illustrates the process of the plan, design, and construction of National Gymnasium for Tokyo Olympics in 1964. Especially, the process can be classified as follows; the progress before determining designers, the process that designers are fixed for Kenzo Tange, Yoshikatsu Tsuboi, and Uichi Inoue, and the design change process of basic design, implementation design and field by Kenzo Tange. At that time, the following points are illustrated by using documents of National Archives which are not be noticed by researches of the past. (1) In 1961, a plan of establishing a basketball court together with a newly-built Olympic pool was emerged so that the name was changed from Olympic pool to National Gymnasium. (2) In the early study stage before deciding designers, it was expected to be the biggest pool in world which can hold 40,000 people. However, as the budgets reduced, the scale of the pool shrinked into 20,000 people, and movable roof was changed into fixed roof. (3) The premise of National Gymnasium is a vacant lot of Washington Heights. The negotiations of the return of Washington Heights with U.S Armed Forces dragged on. Therefore, there was only a small amount of time left for designing National Gymnasium, and Tange and the others are nominated as designers not by competition but by negotiated contracts. (4) When the return of Washington Heights has been decided, the U.S Armed Forces required Japanese government to construct dwellings in Cyofu instead of Washington Heights. Ministry of construction was charged in the design of dwellings, and nongovernmental design organization was charged in the design of National Gymnasium. (5) In the basic design phase, the decision of axis which would be the fundamental of National Gymnasium's design has been decided, and the consideration has begun from two types of roofs which were leaf form and pole form. (6) In the implementation design phase, there were two main cables for main gymnasium, and road spaces have been suggested to solve the difference in height in Yoyogi. In the result, big and small gymnasium were organically connected. (7) A number of design modifications were added at construction site. This showed that in addition to the adoption of design which was difficult to achieve by Tange and others, there were many requests for changing design from various parties.