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First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Shoot Canker on Mulberry in China

2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-01-19-0183-pdn

1943-7692

Yan Huang, L. Meng, J. Liu, Caixia Wang,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 7First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Shoot Canker on Mulberry in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Shoot Canker on Mulberry in ChinaY. Huang, L. Meng, J. Liu, and C. WangY. HuangCollege of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China, L. MengCollege of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China, J. LiuCollege of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China, and C. Wang†Corresponding author: C. Wang; E-mail Address: cxwang@qau.edu.cnhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-5403College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Y. Huang L. Meng J. Liu C. Wang † College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China Published Online:16 May 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-19-0183-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a tree of economic importance cultivated widely across China. During June and July 2017, an outbreak of cankers and twig dieback was observed for the first time in the mulberry orchards in Xiajin County (36°95′N, 116°00′E), Shandong Province, China. The disease incidence on mulberry varied between 10 and 20% in three orchards. Symptoms included branch dieback, necrotic lesions and cankers on the shoots, and dark brown discoloration on the stems. Fruit rot was not observed. To identify the causal agents, small pieces (5 mm2) of diseased tissues from the canker margins were surface sterilized for 1 min in 75% ethanol and rinsed three times with sterile distilled water before placement on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C. Eleven isolates from 15 diseased tissue samples were obtained, and colonies from all isolates were initially white, gradually becoming grayish-green to dark gray. Pycnidia were produced on the surface of PDA after 2 weeks under ultraviolet light. Conidia were unicellular, hyaline, and fusiform or long oval in shape. Conidial dimensions ranged from 24.4 to 28.5 × 6.8 to 7.5 µm, with a mean length/width ratio of 3.67 (n = 50). Based on morphological characteristics, the isolates resembled Botryosphaeria dothidea (Tang et al. 2012; Zhai et al. 2014). To confirm the identification, total DNA was extracted from three monoconidial isolates (Mu1, Mu2, and Mu3) using the E.Z.N.A. Fungal DNA Kit (Omega Bio-tek, Norcross, GA). The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and a partial sequence of β-tubulin gene (TUB) were amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1/ITS4 and Bt2a/Bt2b, respectively (Glass and Donaldson 1995; White et al. 1990). The sequences (GenBank accession nos. MK418733 to MK418735 for ITS and MK423987 to MK423989 for TUB) were aligned using BLASTn in GenBank, showing 99.8 to 100% homology with the sequences of ITS (JF440907.1) and TUB (JF440850.1) from B. dothidea reference isolate Bd1 (Tang et al. 2012). The pathogenicity of three isolates was evaluated on 2-year-old mulberry shoots using a wound inoculation method. Fifteen shoots were wounded with a scalpel by cutting into the bark and inoculated with 20 μl of spore suspension (105 conidia/ml). Wounds were then sealed with Parafilm. The same number of wounded shoots was inoculated with sterile water as controls. Necrotic lesions (4.3 ± 0.8 cm in length) similar to those originally observed on the diseased specimens developed 7 days after inoculation. No disease symptoms developed on the control shoots, and the pathogenicity test was repeated three times. The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated shoots and was confirmed as B. dothidea based on morphological and molecular analyses. B. dothidea is an opportunistic pathogen of many agricultural and landscape trees infecting after abiotic or biotic stresses weaken the plant, with a recent report of this lifestyle of B. dothidea on coast redwood trees (Aćimović et al. 2018). In this study, drought in spring may have been a contributing factor of the pathogen infecting mulberry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing shoot canker and dieback of mulberry in China. Confirming the pathogen infecting mulberry is an important first step for the development of disease management strategies.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Aćimović, S. G., et al. 2018. Plant Dis. 102:1950. Link, Google ScholarGlass, N. L., and Donaldson, G. C. 1995. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTang, W., et al. 2012. Plant Dis. 96:486. Link, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarZhai, L. F., et al. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:716. Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 7 July 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionApple cultivar Joya Cripps Red lesions caused by Colletotrichum fructicola (Nodet et al.). Photo credit: P. Nodet. Symptoms of Lotus powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe takamatsui (Zhou et al.). Photo credit: C. Liang. Symptoms of tar spot (Phyllachora maydis) on maize leaves (Dalla Lana et al.). Photo credit: F. Dalla Lana. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 20 Jun 2019Published: 16 May 2019First Look: 29 Mar 2019Accepted: 26 Mar 2019 Page: 1788 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungitree fruitspathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFirst Report of Leaf Blight on Mahonia fortunei Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in ChinaZ. D. Huang, J. Y. Wang, C. P. Yin, L. Gui, and Y. L. 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