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First Report of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora Causing Leaf Spot on Macadamia in Brazil
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-01-19-0108-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresC. Santos, J. Domingues, Ricardo Feliciano dos Santos, Marcel Bellato Spósito, Armínio Santos, Quelmo Silva de Novaes,
Tópico(s)Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 7First Report of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora Causing Leaf Spot on Macadamia in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora Causing Leaf Spot on Macadamia in BrazilC. C. Santos, J. L. Domingues, R. F. Santos, M. B. Spósito, A. Santos, and Q. S. NovaesC. C. SantosDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, J. L. DominguesDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, R. F. Santos†Corresponding author: R. F. Santos; E-mail Address: ricardofeliciano@usp.brhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-5421Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, M. B. SpósitoDepartamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, A. SantosDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, and Q. S. NovaesDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, BrazilAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations C. C. Santos1 J. L. Domingues1 R. F. Santos2 † M. B. Spósito3 A. Santos1 Q. S. Novaes1 1Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil 2Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 3Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Published Online:18 May 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-19-0108-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat During March 2015, irregular light brown spots on leaves of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) were observed in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The disease severity was estimated at around 25%. Initial disease symptoms were characterized by small spots measuring 6 to 12 mm, which enlarged and coalesced, covering an extensive leaf area. Lesions showed abundant acervuli on the adaxial surface. From diseased leaves, direct isolations were performed by picking up conidia from acervuli and placing them on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Cultures were incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 10 days, and four single-spore isolates were obtained. Isolates showed similar morphological characteristics, and the representative isolate MAC-01 was further investigated. Fourteen-day-old colonies grown on PDA were white with cottony aerial mycelium and abundant black globular acervuli. Conidia were clavate to fusiform, four-septate, straight or slightly curved, and measured 17.9 to 27.5 µm long × 5.1 to 6.8 µm wide (n = 100). The three median cells were dark brown, whereas the basal and apical cells were hyaline. Conidia had a single basal appendage (3.5 to 7.4 μm long; n = 100) and two to three apical appendages (16.3 to 29.3 μm long; n = 100). Morphological features were consistent with those of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora reported by Maharachchikumbura et al. (2014). To confirm species identification, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene (TUB2), and a partial sequence of translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1-α) were polymerase chain reaction amplified and sequenced (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KX721071 to KX721073. BLAST searches showed 98 to 100% identity with the existing sequences of N. clavispora deposited in GenBank (accession nos.: ITS, JX398978; TUB2, JX399013; and tef1-α, JX399044). Phylogenetic Bayesian inference analysis from a combined ITS, TUB2, and tef1-α sequence alignment showed that the examined isolate belonged to the N. clavispora species. The N. clavispora clade was well supported with a Bayesian posterior probability value of 1. To confirm pathogenicity, detached healthy leaves of macadamia were superficially disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 min, washed with sterile water, air dried at room temperature, placed in Petri dishes containing sterile filter paper moistened with sterile water, and then inoculated with the pathogen. For that, 5-mm mycelial plugs were excised from a 10-day-old colony grown on PDA and placed on the adaxial surface of 25 leaves. Plates were incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 10 days. As a control treatment, five additional detached leaves were mock inoculated with a PDA plug. The experiment was performed twice. Two days after inoculation, all inoculated leaves showed irregular light brown spots, measuring up to 8 mm, similar to those observed in the affected orchard. As the disease progressed, spots enlarged and acervuli were formed. Control leaves were asymptomatic. N. clavispora was reisolated from the symptomatic tissues and identified as previously described, thus satisfying Koch's postulates. N. clavispora has been reported as the causal agent of leaf spot on Carya illinoinensis (Lazarotto et al. 2012) and Mangifera indica (Ismail et al. 2013). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. clavispora causing leaf spot on macadamia in Brazil. Further studies are necessary to assess the geographic distribution and the importance of the disease in Brazilian macadamia orchards.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Ismail, A. M., et al. 2013. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 135:619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0117-z Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLazarotto, M., et al. 2012. Plant Dis. 96:1826. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-12-0615-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarMaharachchikumbura, S. S. N., et al. 2014. Stud. Mycol. 79:121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.005 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 7 July 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionApple cultivar Joya Cripps Red lesions caused by Colletotrichum fructicola (Nodet et al.). Photo credit: P. Nodet. Symptoms of Lotus powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe takamatsui (Zhou et al.). Photo credit: C. Liang. Symptoms of tar spot (Phyllachora maydis) on maize leaves (Dalla Lana et al.). Photo credit: F. Dalla Lana. 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