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Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets

2019; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 51; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41588-019-0381-3

1546-1718

Marco Maccaferri, Neil S. Harris, Sven Twardziok, Raj Pasam, Heidrun Gundlach, M. Spannagl, Danara Ormanbekova, Thomas Lux, Verena M. Prade, Sara G. Milner, Axel Himmelbach, Martin Mascher, Paolo Bagnaresi, Primetta Faccioli, Paolo Cozzi, Massimiliano Lauria, Barbara Lazzari, Alessandra Stella, Andrea Manconi, Matteo Gnocchi, Marco Moscatelli, Raz Avni, Jasline Deek, Sezgi Biyiklioglu, Elisabetta Frascaroli, Simona Corneti, Silvio Salvi, Gabriella Sonnante, Francesca Desiderio, Caterina Marè, Cristina Crosatti, E. Mica, Hakan Özkan, Benjamin Kilian, Pasquale De Vita, Daniela Marone, Reem Joukhadar, Elisabetta Mazzucotelli, Domenica Nigro, Ágata Gadaleta, Shiaoman Chao, Justin D. Faris, Arthur Melo, Michael Pumphrey, Nicola Pecchioni, Luciano Milanesi, Krystalee Wiebe, Jennifer Ens, Ron MacLachlan, J. M. Clarke, Andrew Sharpe, ChuShin Koh, Kevin Y. H. Liang, Gregory J. Taylor, R. E. Knox, Hikmet Budak, Anna Maria Mastrangelo, Steven S. Xu, Nils Stein, Iago Hale, Assaf Distelfeld, Matthew Hayden, Roberto Tuberosa, Sean Walkowiak, Klaus Mayer, Aldo Ceriotti, Curtis Pozniak, Luigi Cattivelli,

Bioenergy crop production and management

The domestication of wild emmer wheat led to the selection of modern durum wheat, grown mainly for pasta production. We describe the 10.45 gigabase (Gb) assembly of the genome of durum wheat cultivar Svevo. The assembly enabled genome-wide genetic diversity analyses revealing the changes imposed by thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding. Regions exhibiting strong signatures of genetic divergence associated with domestication and breeding were widespread in the genome with several major diversity losses in the pericentromeric regions. A locus on chromosome 5B carries a gene encoding a metal transporter (TdHMA3-B1) with a non-functional variant causing high accumulation of cadmium in grain. The high-cadmium allele, widespread among durum cultivars but undetected in wild emmer accessions, increased in frequency from domesticated emmer to modern durum wheat. The rapid cloning of TdHMA3-B1 rescues a wild beneficial allele and demonstrates the practical use of the Svevo genome for wheat improvement. Genome assembly of durum wheat cultivar Svevo enables genome-wide genetic diversity analyses highlighting modifications imposed by thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding.