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Assessment of selected exercise-induced CD3+ cell subsets and cell death parameters among soccer players

2019; De Gruyter; Volume: 38; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Croata

10.2478/jomb-2019-0013

1452-8258

Robert Nowak, Dorota Kostrzewa‐Nowak,

Thermoregulation and physiological responses

Molecular mechanisms of biological adaptation to training in professional soccer players are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of progressive physical effort on peripheral T-cells and their molecular response.Thirteen soccer players form Pogo Szczecin S.A., a top league soccer club, (median age 21, range 18- 31, years old) performed progressive efficiency tests on a mechanical treadmill until exhaustion at the start (period 1) and the end (period 2) of a competition round. Venous blood T-lymphocyte subsets, selected hallmarks of cell death and plasma cytokine levels were determined by flow cytometry three times: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and in recovery.Although significant changes in T, Tc and Tc-naïve cell percentages were found in both periods, Th-naïve cell percentages were altered only in period 1. Post-exercise IL-10 plasma levels were higher than pre-exercise, while an increase in TNF-α levels was noticed in recovery from both periods. An increase in recovery IL-12p70 levels was observed in the second period. Increases in the percentage of T-cells with disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, elevated levels of phosphorylated H2AX histones and increases in early apoptotic T-cells were also observed.The immune system in soccer players creates space for naïve CD3+CD8+ cells by inducing mechanisms of cell death. It seems that the cumulative effect of physical activity during a competition round induced an adaptive mechanism, since the cell death process was induced faster during period 2.Molekularni mehanizmi biološke adaptacije na trening profesionalnih fudbalera su nejasni. Cilj ove studije bio je da se proceni uticaj progresivnog fizičkog napora na peri ferne T-ćelije i njihov molekularni odgovor.Trinaest fudbalera iz prvoligaša FK Pogon iz Šćećina (srednja starost 21, raspon 18–31 godina starosti) prošlo je kroz progresivne testove efikasnosti na mehaničkoj traci za trčanje do iscrpljenosti na početku jesenjeg dela prvenstva (period 1) i na kraju (period 2). Podskupovi T-limfocita venske krvi, odabrane karakteristike odumiranja će lija i nivoi plazma citokina su određivani protočnom citometrijom tri puta: pre treninga, posle treninga i u toku oporavka.Iako su u oba perioda pronađene značajne promene u procentima ćelija T, Tc i Tc-naivnih ćelija, Th-naivni ćelijski procenti su promenjeni samo u periodu 1. Posle vežbanja, nivoi IL-10 u plazmi bili su veći nego pre vežbanja, dok je povećanje u nivoima TNF-α uočeno tokom oporavka u slučaju oba perioda. Povećanje nivoa IL-12p70 u toku oporavka uočeno je u drugom periodu. Takođe je primećeno povećanje procenta T-ćelija sa poremećenim potencijalom mitohondrijalne membrane, rast nivoa fosforilisanih histona H2AKS i povećanje ranih apoptotskih T ćelija.Imuni sistem kod fudbalera stvara prostor za naivne CD3+CD8+ ćelije indukovanjem mehanizama ćelijske smrti. Čini se da je kumulativni efekat fizičke aktivnosti za vreme takmičenja izazvao stvaranje adaptivnog mehanizma, jer je proces ćelijske smrti indukovan brže tokom perioda 2.