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First Report of Colletotrichum karstii Causing Anthracnose Spot on Pitaya ( Hylocereus undatus ) in Brazil
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-02-19-0400-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresMonique Bezerra Nascimento, Cristiano Bellé, Rosalia Azambuja, S. L. P. Maich, C. G. Neves, I. T. Souza-Júnior, C. R. F. Jacobsen, Danielle Ribeiro de Barros,
Tópico(s)Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 8First Report of Colletotrichum karstii Causing Anthracnose Spot on Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Colletotrichum karstii Causing Anthracnose Spot on Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in BrazilM. B. Nascimento,, C. Bellé, R. M. Azambuja, S. L. P. Maich, C. G. Neves, I. T. Souza-Junior, C. R. F. Jacobsen, and D. R. BarrosM. B. Nascimento,Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil, C. Bellé†Corresponding author: C. Bellé; E-mail Address: crbelle@gmail.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-3207Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, 97105- 900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, R. M. AzambujaUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil, S. L. P. MaichUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil, C. G. NevesUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil, I. T. Souza-JuniorUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil, C. R. F. JacobsenUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil, and D. R. BarrosUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, BrazilAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. B. Nascimento,1 C. Bellé1 2 † R. M. Azambuja1 S. L. P. Maich1 C. G. Neves1 I. T. Souza-Junior1 C. R. F. Jacobsen1 D. R. Barros1 1Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil 2Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, 97105- 900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Published Online:6 Jun 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-19-0400-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Pitaya, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, is a species of Cactaceae that has been planted as a fruit crop in Brazil. In August 2017, infected plants of pitaya with symptoms of anthracnose were obtained from the plantations in the municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Symptoms comprised round or irregularly shaped lesions that initially appeared as reddish-orange spots and commonly coalesced into larger, dark-brown lesions in their stems. The centers of the lesions were gray-white with purple-brown borders, surrounded by a chlorotic halo where black dots would appear later. The incidence of the disease was up to 35%, and the severity ranged from 30 to 40%. Lesions were isolated from stem samples and cultured on solid potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium that had been surface disinfected (70% ethanol for 30 s and 1% NaClO for 1 min, followed by rinsing twice in sterile water and drying on sterilized filter paper). Colonies on PDA exhibited white aerial mycelia with an orange conidial mass. The color of the colony on the reverse side was light orange. Conidia (n = 100) were 12.3 to 17.1 μm (length) × 3.9 to 6.5 μm (width), mean ± SD = 13.2 ± 1.4 × 4.2 ± 0.4 μm, length/width ratio = 3.1, hyaline, aseptate, straight, cylindrical, and obtuse at the apex. Morphological features suggested that these isolates possessed the same characteristics as previously described for Colletotrichum spp. (Damm et al. 2012). Further diagnostic information was obtained by sequencing partial internal transcribed spacers (ITS), actin (ACT), beta-tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), and histone 3 (HIS3) genes of a representative isolate, using the method and primers described by Damm et al. (2012). Sequences of the studied DNA regions were submitted to GenBank (ITS, MG693784; ACT, MG916907; TUB2, MH817038; CAL, MH817039; GAPDH, MH817040; CHS-1, MH817041; HIS3, MH817042). BLAST searches showed 99 to 100% identity with sequences of Colletotrichum karstii (Yang et al. 2011) (ITS, JQ005776; GAPDH, JQ948677; CHS-1, JQ005797; HIS3, JQ005818; ACT, JQ005839; TUB2, JQ005860). The phylogram constructed using combined datasets showed that isolates clustered into six distinct clades with high posterior probabilities; the isolate from this study clustered with C. karstii with 94% posterior probabilities. Moreover, pathogenicity tests were performed by adding sterile water on PDA cultures of C. karstii, and the resulting conidial suspension, adjusted to a concentration of 1.0 × 105 conidia/ml, was sprayed on the stem surface of pitaya plants (six replicates). The same number of uninoculated plants was used as a control. The experiment was performed twice. After inoculation, the plants were placed in glass culture dishes and maintained at 25°C in an incubator with constant relative humidity of 80% and a 12-h photoperiod. One week after inoculation, all inoculated plants showed stem spot symptoms, which were similar to the symptoms previously observed in the field. The uninoculated plants remained symptomless. The fungus reisolated from inoculated stems exhibited the same morphological and molecular traits as the initial isolate. C. karstii has a wide host range; it was previously reported on Bombax aquaticum, Carica papaya, Eugenia uniflora, Malus domestica, Mangifera indica, and Vaccinium spp. in Brazil (Farr and Rossman 2018). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on anthracnose caused by C. karstii in pitaya plants in Brazil or anywhere in the world. This finding is of great importance for Brazilian pitaya production because this pathogen can severely damage pitaya plants and become a major problem for the cultivation of this crop.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Damm, U., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:1. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0002 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFarr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2018. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved 25 February 2018 from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/. Google ScholarYang, Y. L., et al. 2011. Cryptogam., Mycol. 32:241. Google ScholarM. B. Nascimento and C. Bellé contributed equally to this work.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 8 August 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPistachio fruit infected by Neofusicoccum mediterraneum (Moral et al.). Photo credit: T. J. Michailides. Leaf blight on Hosta ventricosa caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Liu et al.). Photo credit: Z. X. Liu. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 1 Aug 2019Published: 6 Jun 2019First Look: 25 Apr 2019Accepted: 23 Apr 2019 Page: 2137 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungifruitpathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFungal and Oomycete Diseases of Minor Tropical Fruit Crops11 April 2022 | Horticulturae, Vol. 8, No. 4First report of Colletotrichum tropicale on dragon fruit and the response of three Selenicereus species to anthracnose17 January 2022 | International Journal of Pest Management, Vol. 103Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status29 September 2021 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 110, No. 1First report of anthracnose on Spigelia anthelmia caused by Colletotrichum karstii and Colletotrichum siamense in Brazil11 March 2021 | Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Vol. 128, No. 3Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review30 March 2021 | Agriculture, Vol. 11, No. 4Colletotrichum karstii : causal agent of anthracnose of Dendrobium nobile in Mexico12 March 2020 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 42, No. 4Colletotrichum species causing grape ripe rot disease in Vitis labrusca and V . vinifera varieties in the highlands of southern Brazil19 July 2020 | Plant Pathology, Vol. 69, No. 8
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