El proyecto religioso del cardenal Montini a la vanguardia de la arquitectura milanesa. El caso de Mater Misericordiae, icono de la modernidad
2017; University of Zaragoza; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2387-0346
Autores Tópico(s)Architecture, Modernity, and Design
ResumoespanolDurante la decada de los anos cincuenta del pasado siglo la ciudad de Milan crecio a un ritmo acelerado al tratar de acomodar a la poblacion que, como consecuencia de los movimientos migratorios acaecidos al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, se habia ido alojando en la periferia. Algunas entidades, como la Diocesis de esta ciudad, trataron de dar ayuda espiritual a los habitantes de estas areas en crecimiento, consolidandose esta iniciativa en un plan de construccion de nuevos complejos parroquiales en los alrededores de la ciudad. En el ano 1955 es nombrado Arzobispo de Milan Giovanni Battista Montini, futuro Papa Pablo VI, que sera una figura clave, el verdadero artifice tanto de este plan de construccion de iglesias como de la modernizacion de la imagen de la arquitectura sacra en Milan. Montini encargo muchos de los proyectos a arquitectos innovadores de experiencia probada, que trabajaban habitualmente en Milan o en otras zonas de Italia, pero tambien solicito la redaccion de algunos proyectos a jovenes arquitectos que apenas tenian experiencia en el campo de la arquitectura eclesiastica. Con el, el ritmo de construccion de iglesias se incremento considerablemente en los alrededores de la ciudad, llegando a levantarse en esos anos mas de cien nuevos edificios sacros. La intencion de este texto es senalar, a traves de una serie de ejemplos relevantes, entre los que destaca la iglesia Mater Misericoridae, como la Diocesis de Milan contribuyo, mediante una renovacion de la imagen de la Iglesia como institucion a traves de su arquitectura, a definir la identidad de algunos barrios perifericos de la ciudad. En ellos, las nuevas construcciones eclesiasticas se convirtieron en hitos, simbolos de una importante renovacion liturgica que se habia iniciado unas decadas antes en otros puntos de Europa Algunas de las nuevas propuestas arquitectonicas, en las que la Iglesia Catolica aposto por apoyar la reconciliacion entre arte moderno y arte sacro, se convirtieron en modelos de referencia en los que confluian tradicion y modernidad. El caso concreto de la Iglesia Mater Misericordiae permite reconocer un alto grado de experimentacion, muy por encima de otras arquitecturas coetaneas, tanto religiosas como civiles, muestra de la apuesta que la Diocesis milanesa, y en concreto el Cardenal Montini, hizo al apoyar la construccion de un proyecto renovador de verdadero caracter vanguardista. EnglishDuring the 50s’ the city of Milan experienced a fast growth to accommodate the population that arrived into the city as a consequence of the migratory movements that took place at the end of the Second World War. Some organizations, such as the Archbishopric of the city, tried to provide with spiritual help to the inhabitants of this developing areas. This initiative turned into a plan for the construction of new parish churches in the settlements around the city. In the year 1955 Giovanni Battista Montini - who a few years later would become pope Paulus VI- Became archbishop of Milan and took over the management and planning for the construction of new churches. He was responsible for the modern image of sacred architecture in this city. Montini commissioned a group of innovative architects with proven experience that had already worked in Milan or other parts of Italy to deliver some of the Projects. At the same time, he appointed a group of young architects with relatively little experience in the field of ecclesiastical architecture and put them in charge of a second group of projects projects. Under Montini the rhythm of churches construction in the neighborhoods around Milan increased considerably and more than one hundred churches were constructed during this period and the following years. This paper discusses the contribution of the Diocese of Milan, within the renovation of the church as an institution through its architecture, to define the identity of some of the new peripheral areas of the city. For this purpose, some of the most interesting examples of architecture constructed during this period have been selected. Among all this constructions the church of Mater Misericordiae can be singled out for a number of reasons. These new sacred constructions became symbols of the important Liturgical renewal that had started a few decades before in some other parts of Europe. Some of these new architectural proposals, in which the Catholic Church tried to reconcile modern and sacred art, became new models of reference in which tradition and modernity went hand by hand. In the case of the church of Mater Misericordiae a high level of experimentation, well above some other contemporary sacred and civil constructions, can be recognized. This is an evidence of Montini’s commitment, to support a really avant-garde renewal project.
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