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Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series

2019; Cell Press; Volume: 177; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.049

1097-4172

Antoine Fages, Kristian Hanghøj, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Charleen Gaunitz, Andaine Seguin‐Orlando, Michela Leonardi, Christian M. Constantz, Cristina Gamba, Khaled A. S. Al‐Rasheid, Silvia Albizuri, Ahmed Alfarhan, Morten E. Allentoft, Saleh A. Alquraishi, David W. Anthony, Nurbol Baimukhanov, James H. Barrett, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Norbert Benecke, Eloísa Bernáldez Sánchez, Luis Berrocal Rangel, Fereidoun Biglari, Sanne Boessenkool, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Gottfried Brem, Dorcas Brown, Joachim Bürger, Éric Crubézy, Linas Daugnora, Hossein Davoudi, Peter de Barros Damgaard, María de los Ángeles de Chorro y de Villa-Ceballos, Sabine Deschler-Erb, Cleia Detry, Nadine Dill, María do Mar Oom, Anna Dohr, Sturla Ellingvåg, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Homa Fathi, Sabine Felkel, Carlos Fernández Rodríguez, Esteban García‐Viñas, Mietje Germonpré, José Granado, Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson, Helmut Hemmer, Michael Hofreiter, Aleksei Kasparov, M. M. Khasanov, Roya Khazaeli, П. А. Косинцев, Kristian Kristiansen, Kubatbek Tabaldiev, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Pavel Kuznetsov, Haeedeh Laleh, Jennifer A. Leonard, Johanna Lhuillier, Corina Liesau von Lettow‐Vorbeck, Andrey Logvin, Lembi Lõugas, Arne Ludwig, Cristina Luı́s, Ana Margarida Arruda, Tomás Marquès‐Bonet, Raquel Matoso Silva, Victor Merz, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Bryan K. Miller, Oleg Monchalov, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Arturo Morales Muñiz, Ariadna Nieto‐Espinet, Heidi Nistelberger, Vedat Onar, Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Konstantin Pitskhelauri, Mélanie Pruvost, Petra Rajić Šikanjić, Anita Rapan Papeša, Natalia Roslyakova, Alireza Sardari, Eberhard Sauer, Renate Schafberg, Amelie Scheu, Jörg Schibler, Angela Schlumbaum, Nathalie Serrand, Aitor Serres‐Armero, Beth Shapiro, Shiva Sheikhi Seno, Irinа Shevnina, Sonia Shidrang, John Southon, Bastiaan Star, Naomi Sykes, Kamal Taheri, William Taylor, Wolf‐Rüdiger Teegen, Tajana Trbojević Vukičević, Simon Trixl, Dashzeveg Tumen, Sainbileg Undrakhbold, Emma Usmanova, Ali A. Vahdati, Sílvia Valenzuela, Catarina Viegas, Barbara Wallner, Jaco Weinstock, Victor F. Zaibert, Benoît Clavel, Sébastien Lepetz, Marjan Mashkour, Agnar Helgason, Kári Stéfansson, Éric Barrey, Eske Willerslev, Alan K. Outram, Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando,

Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock

Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN "speed gene," only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.