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Associations Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Various Eating Disorders: A Swedish Nationwide Population Study Using Multiple Genetically Informative Approaches

2019; Elsevier BV; Volume: 86; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.036

1873-2402

Shuyang Yao, Ralf Kuja‐Halkola, Joanna Martin, Yi Lu, Paul Lichtenstein, Claes Norring, Andreas Birgegård, Zeynep Yılmaz, Christopher Hübel, Hunna J. Watson, Jessica Baker, Catarina Almqvist, Laura M. Thornton, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Cynthia M. Bulik, Henrik Larsson, Roger A.H. Adan, Tetsuya Ando, Jessica Baker, Andrew W. Bergen, Wade Berrettini, Andreas Birgegård, Claudette Boni, Vesna Boraska Perica, Harry Brandt, Roland Burghardt, Matteo Cassina, Carolyn E. Cesta, Maurizio Clementi, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Roger D. Cone, Philippe Courtet, Steven Crawford, Scott J. Crow, James Crowley, Unna N. Danner, Oliver S. P. Davis, Martina de Zwaan, George Dedoussis, Daniela Degortes, Janiece E. DeSocio, Danielle M. Dick, Dimitris Dikeos, Monika Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, Elisa Docampo, Karin Egberts, Stefan Ehrlich, Geòrgia Escaramís, Tõnu Esko, Xavier Estivill, Angela Favaro, Fernando Fernández‐Aranda, Manfred Fichter, Chris Finan, Krista Fischer, Manuel Föcker, Lenka Foretová, Monica Forzan, C. Franklin, Héléna A. Gaspar, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Philip Gorwood, Mónica Gratacòs, Sébastien Guillaume, Yiran Guo, Hakon Hakonarson, Katherine A. Halmi, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Joanna Hauser, Johannes Hebebrand, Sietske G. Helder, Judith Hendriks, Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann, Wolfgang Herzog, Christopher Hilliard, Anke Hinney, Laura M. Huckins, James I. Hudson, Julia Huemer, Hartmut Imgart, Hidetoshi Inoko, Susana Jiménez‐Múrcia, Craig Johnson, Jennifer Jordan, Anders Juréus, Gursharan Kalsi, Debora Kaminska, Allan S. Kaplan, Jaakko Kaprio, Leila Karhunen, Andreas Karwautz, Martien J. Kas, Walter H. Kaye, James L. Kennedy, Martin A. Kennedy, Anna Keski‐Rahkonen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Youl‐Ri Kim, Kelly L. Klump, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Doris Koubek, Maria La Via, Mikael Landén, Robert D. Levitan, Dong Li, Paul Lichtenstein, Lisa Lilenfeld, Jolanta Lissowska, Pierre J. Magistretti, Mario Maj, Katrin Männik, Nicholas G. Martin, Sara McDevitt, Peter McGuffin, Elisabeth Merl, Andres Metspalu, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Nadia Micali, James E. Mitchell, Karen S. Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Preben Bo Mortensen, Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff, Benedetta Nacmias, Ida Nilsson, Claes Norring, Ιωάννα Ντάλλα, Julie O’Toole, Jacques Pantel, Hana Papežová, Richard A. Parker, Raquel Rabionet, Anu Raevuori, Andrzej Rajewski, Nicolás Ramoz, N. William Rayner, Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud, Valdo Ricca, Stephan Ripke, Franziska Ritschel, Marion Roberts, Alessandro Rotondo, Filip Rybakowski, Paolo Santonastaso, André Scherag, Ulrike Schmidt, Nicholas J. Schork, Alexandra Schosser, Jochen Seitz, Lenka Šlachtová, P. Eline Slagboom, M Landt, Agnieszka Slopien, Tosha Smith, Sandro Sorbi, Eric Strengman, Michael Strober, Patrick Sullivan, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Neonila Szeszenia‐Dąbrowska, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Elena Tenconi, Laura Thornton, Alfonso Tortorella, Federica Tozzi, Janet Treasure, Άρτεμις Τσίτσικα, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Annemarie van Elburg, Eric F. van Furth, Tracey Wade, Gudrun Wagner, Esther Walton, Hunna J. Watson, D. Blake Woodside, Shuyang Yao, Zeynep Yılmaz, Eleftheria Zeggini, Stephanie Zerwas, Stephan Zipfel, Lars Alfredsson, Ole A. Andreassen, H.N. Aschauer, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Vladimír Bencko, Laura Carlberg, Sven Cichon, Sarah Cohen‐Woods, Christian Dina, Bo Ding, Thomas Espeseth, James S. Floyd, Steven Gallinger, Giovanni Gambaro, Ina Giegling, Stefan Herms, Vladimí­r Janout, Antonio Julià, Lars Klareskog, Stéphanie Le Hellard, Marion Leboyer, Astri J. Lundervold, Sara Marsal, Morten Mattingsdal, Marie Navratilova, Roel A. Ophoff, Aarno Palotie, Dalila Pinto, Samuli Ripatti, Dan Rujescu, Stephen W. Scherer, Laura J. Scott, Robert Sladek, Nicole Soranzo, Lorraine Southam, Vidar M. Steen, H‐Erich Wichmann, Elisabeth Widén, Gerome Breen, Cynthia M. Bulik,

Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet

BackgroundAlthough attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (EDs) frequently co-occur, little is known about the shared etiology. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the genetic association between ADHD and various EDs, including anorexia nervosa (AN) and other EDs such as bulimia nervosa.MethodsWe applied different genetically informative designs to register-based information of a Swedish nationwide population (N = 3,550,118). We first examined the familial coaggregation of clinically diagnosed ADHD and EDs across multiple types of relatives. We then applied quantitative genetic modeling in full-sisters and maternal half-sisters to estimate the genetic correlations between ADHD and EDs. We further tested the associations between ADHD polygenic risk scores and ED symptoms, and between AN polygenic risk scores and ADHD symptoms, in a genotyped population-based sample (N = 13,472).ResultsIncreased risk of all types of EDs was found in individuals with ADHD (any ED: odds ratio [OR] = 3.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.81, 4.14; AN: OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 2.15, 2.86; other EDs: OR = 4.66, 95% CI = 4.47, 4.87; bulimia nervosa: OR = 5.01, 95% CI = 4.63, 5.41) and their relatives compared with individuals without ADHD and their relatives. The magnitude of the associations decreased as the degree of relatedness decreased, suggesting shared familial liability between ADHD and EDs. Quantitative genetic models revealed stronger genetic correlation of ADHD with other EDs (.37, 95% CI = .31, .42) than with AN (.14, 95% CI = .05, .22). ADHD polygenic risk scores correlated positively with ED symptom measures overall and with the subscales Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction despite small effect sizes.ConclusionsWe observed stronger genetic association with ADHD for non-AN EDs than for AN, highlighting specific genetic correlation beyond a general genetic factor across psychiatric disorders.